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doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669418pmid: N/A
In 1988 Canada launched a new Official Development Assistance (ODA) Strategy entitled Sharing Our Future. This article examines the consultative process through which the strategy evolved, the orientations, the geographic program goals, the decentralization of program delivery and the thrust toward a “partnership program.” Among the aid policy issues given detailed consideration are the six defined objectives of the ODA, its emphasis on human resource development, the changes to tied aid, and the issue of conditionality. The article also points to some unresolved concerns, among them the role of Canada in inter-donor cooperation and recipient country difficulties with aid absorption and utilization.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669419pmid: N/A
Education is traditionally expected to play a key role in development. Today, in the midst of a development crisis fated by economic stagnation and decline, this reasoning still fuels the hopes of the Third World. Literacy and a minimum of basic schooling are portrayed as prerequisites to overcoming poverty. This article argues that by placing basic education at the centre of the problems of the Third World in the 1990s, a new rationale is being unveiled to explain the contradictions of the prevailing mode of economic, political and scientific production in an interdependent world. Reference is made to the Education for All efforts of major international organizations to deal with education in developing countries. The paper concludes that changes in education are by-products of other transformations that must take place in the national political economy of participation of each country, and in the relationships between poor and rich nations.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669420pmid: N/A
From the 1970s onwards, the agrarian and industrial units for women (UAIMs) and the maquiladoras have been two instruments for the integration of women into the mexican labour market. The challenge for capital in both cases was how to re-define women's labour power without introducing any fundamental chages in male dominance. This has been observed in the case of the UAIMs of Yucatan, in the context of the fast economic changes generated by the maquiladoras presently emerging around the capital, Mérida.
Keller, Bonnie; Mbewe, Dorcas Chilila
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669421pmid: N/A
Zambia has a policy framework and bureaucratic structure for integrating women in development. The authors, as gender planners in the agricultural sector, argue that the bureaucracy can be gender sensitized to increase women farmers' access to resources required for fulfilment of their practical gender needs. A strong advocacy presence is particularly necessary in the current situation of liberalization of the economy which undermines women farmers' ability to ensure household food security and earn incomes. Their level of political participation is low, and empowerment is not high on women's agenda. Hence, a supportive bureaucratic structure is necessary to lay the basis for women's future political participation to challenge their subordination.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669422pmid: N/A
Errors in cost-benefit analyses pertain to the misuse of the results and to the pitfalls met in the completion of such studies. Because of the working hypotheses of the methods, in countries where there is no planning or where the Plan is not followed, it is more prudent to rely upon shadow-pricing than upon the so-called “effects method”. The article also shows how to look for weak points in the computations of the studies and it lists the most prevalent errors.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669423pmid: N/A
The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of employment creation in a small labour-importing country, Qatar. The main findings of the study suggest that a general decline in worker productivity has taken place in the country. This decline is evidenced primarily by the lack of a strong link between increases in employment and corresponding increases in output. In part, this phenomenon reflects the excessive retention and even expansion of the number of public sector workers, during a period of contraction of employment opportunities in the mixed (and presumably private) sectors.
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669424pmid: N/A
This study assesses the progress made by 82 LDCs over the 1960–1980 period by means of 16 indicators. On average, life expectancy increased by seven years, the birth and death rates each fell by 4 per thousand, daily per capita supplies increased by 200 calories and the number of inhabitants per MD fell by 7,500. As a percentage of school age children, enrolment in primary education rose by 17% and the ratio of urban to total population rose by 8%. Labour productivity increases were larger in industry and services than in agriculture. At a geographical level, Asia and Central and South America posted larger overall gains than Africa.
Butz, David; Lonergan, Steven; Smit, Barry
doi: 10.1080/02255189.1991.9669426pmid: N/A
Development initiatives often result in degradation, rather than improvement, in the well-being of recipient communities. In part, this is because development agents lack adequate perceptions of indigenous priorities, and fail to appreciate the holistic nature of traditional rural communities. In this paper we outline, then critique, four prominent theoretical approaches to development: modernization, dependency, intermediate technology and sustainable development. We demonstrate that these theories, theories from which initiatives derive, neglect the social reality of recipient communities.
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