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Sabatos-DeVito, Maura; Schipul, Sarah; Bulluck, John; Belger, Aysenil; Baranek, Grace
doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2681-5pmid: 26816345
This study used a gap-overlap paradigm to examine the impact of distractor salience and temporal overlap on the ability to disengage and orient attention in 50 children (4–13 years) with ASD, DD and TD, and associations between attention and sensory response patterns. Results revealed impaired disengagement and orienting accuracy in ASD. Disengagement was impaired across all groups during temporal overlap for dynamic stimuli compared to static, but only ASD showed slower disengagement from multimodal relative to unimodal dynamic stimuli. Attentional disengagement had differential associations with distinct sensory response patterns in ASD and DD. Atypical sensory processing and temporal binding appear to be intertwined with development of disengagement in ASD, but longitudinal studies are needed to unravel causal pathways.
Green, Jonathan; Leadbitter, Kathy; Kay, Catherine; Sharma, Kishan
doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2680-6pmid: 26739357
Syndromic autism has been described in children adopted after orphanage rearing. We investigated whether the same existed in children adopted after family breakdown. Families of 54/60 adopted children aged 6–11 years (mean 102 months; SD 20; 45 % male) returned screening questionnaires for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 21/54 (39 %) screened positive. Detailed in-person phenotyping of screen positive cases showed ASD in 6/54 (11 %), Broad ASD (sub threshold traits) in 10/54 (18.5 %); 5/54 (9 %) screened false positive. The ASD group showed impairments across both social communication and restrictive repetitive behaviour domains, Broad ASD was more mixed. These rates, much higher than population prevalence, are comparable with institutionalised samples. There are implications for developmental science, and assessment, treatment and policy for adopted children.
Foster, Nicholas; Ouimet, Tia; Tryfon, Ana; Doyle-Thomas, Krissy; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Hyde, Krista
doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2684-2pmid: 26724923
In vision, typically-developing (TD) individuals perceive “global” (whole) before “local” (detailed) features, whereas individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a local bias. However, auditory global–local distinctions are less clear in ASD, particularly in terms of age and attention effects. To these aims, here ASD and TD children judged local and global pitch structure in nine-tone melodies. Both groups showed a similar global precedence effect, but ASD children were less sensitive to global interference than TD children at younger ages. There was no effect of attention task. These findings provide novel evidence of developmental differences in auditory perception and may help to refine sensory phenotypes in ASD.
Vohra, Rini; Madhavan, Suresh; Sambamoorthi, Usha
doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2692-2pmid: 26762115
A cross-sectional analyses using Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (2006–2011) was conducted to examine the trends, type of ED visits, and mean total ED charges for adults aged 22–64 years with and without ASD (matched 1:3). Around 0.4 % ED visits (n = 25,527) were associated with any ASD and rates of such visits more than doubled from 2006 to 2011 (2549–6087 per 100,000 admissions). Adults with ASD visited ED for: primary psychiatric disorder (15 %ASD vs. 4.2 %noASD), primary non-psychiatric disorder (16 %ASD vs. 14 %noASD), and any injury (24 %ASD vs. 28 %noASD). Mean total ED charges for adults with ASD were 2.3 times higher than for adults without ASD. Findings emphasize the need to examine the extent of frequent ED use in this population.
Crutcher, Emeline; Ali, May; Harrison, John; Sovago, Judit; Gomez-Mancilla, Baltazar; Schaaf, Christian
doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2694-0pmid: 26754479
15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome causes a spectrum of cognitive disorders, including intellectual disability and autism. We aimed to determine if any or all of three cognitive testing systems (the KiTAP, CogState, and Stanford–Binet) are suitable for assessment of cognitive function in affected individuals. These three tests were administered to ten individuals with 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome (14–18 years of age), and the results were analyzed to determine feasibility of use, potential for improvement, and internal consistency. It was determined that the KiTAP, CogState, and Stanford–Binet are valid tests of cognitive function in 15q13.3 microdeletion patients. Therefore, these tests may be considered for use as objective outcome measures in future clinical trials, assessing change in cognitive function over a period of pharmacological treatment.
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