Lauber, John, K.;Kayten, Phyllis, J.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.503pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Monk, Timothy, H.;Moline, Margaret, L.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.513pmid: 3238254
Summary: Ten healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects (44-81 years old; 4 men and 6 women) were studied in time isolation experiments involving: (a) entrainment to the subject's habitual routine (EN condition) and (b) removal of all temporal constraints or “free-running” (FR condition) with the subjects able to choose their own bed and meal times. Subjective day lengths and circadian temperature cycle periods were longer under FR than under EN, but not by an equal amount. Perhaps as a consequence, although time-in-bed (TIB) fractions were greater under FR than under EN, actual sleep fractions were not, reflecting a decline in sleep efficiency. Neither was there an increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS) under FR compared with EN. Daytime subjective alertness did, however, increase upon release into FR, also showing a slightly earlier peak than that observed under the EN condition. The results point to the need to regard sleep and sleepiness as rhythmic, as well as homeostatic, processes. Sleep, Temporal constraints, Sleep efficiency, Free-running condition, Circadian rhythms This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Roch, Carolyn, C.;Reynolds, Charles, F.;Kupfer, David, J.;Berman, Susan, R.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.521pmid: 3238255
Summary: When the electroencephalogram-recorded (EEG) sleep of 19 healthy seniors (9 men, 10 women) aged 60-82 years was restudied after an average interval of 2.2 years, most measures of EEG sleep and sleep quality were stable over time. Both elderly men and women showed more awakenings during the second recording series, but no change in visual or computer-scored delta activity. Furthermore, gender-dependent sleep changes were noted only in phasic rapid eye movement (REM) measures (increasing in men, decreasing in women). Reports of sleep quality were also stable over time despite the increase in awakenings, with women reporting a lower sleep quality than men. Sleep, Aging, Healthy elderly, Slow-wave sleep, Sleep quality This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.528pmid: 3238256
Summary: Although much is known about the impact of sleep loss on many aspects of psychological performance, the effects on divergent (“creative”) thinking has received little attention. Twelve subjects went 32 h without sleep, and 12 others acted as normally sleeping controls. All subjects were assessed on the figural and verbal versions of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. As compared with the control condition, sleep loss impaired performance on all test scales (e.g., “flexibility,” the ability to change strategy, and “originality,” generation of unusual ideas) for both versions, even on an initial 5-min test component. In an attempt at further understanding of whether these findings might be explained solely by a loss of motivation, two additional short and stimulating tests were also used—a word fluency task incorporating high incentive to do well and a challenging nonverbal planning test. Performance at these tasks was still significantly impaired by sleep loss. Increased perseveration was clearly apparent. Apparently, 1 night of sleep loss can affect divergent thinking. This contrasts with the outcome for convergent thinking tasks, which are more resilient to short-term sleep loss. Sleep loss, Divergent thinking, Creative thinking This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Broughton,, Roger;Aguirre,, Marisa;Dunham,, Wayne
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.537pmid: 3238257
Summary: A direct comparison was made between the amplitude of evoked potential (EP) component P3 (by the P300 paradigm), a known sensitive EP correlate of sleepiness, and sleep latency measures (both to stage 1 or rapid eye movement [REM] and to stage 2 or REM) of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) in 11 untreated narcoleptics and matched controls. Repeated P3 measures were performed immediately prior to standard MSLT naps at 10:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. Using discriminant analysis and F tests, all three measures (P3 and both by MSLT) were found to distinguish the two groups for collapsed five-nap data, and all showed essentially parallel circadian time-of-day effects, with greatest sleepiness in the midafternoon. The MSLT, however, was somewhat more powerful for collapsed data. Both tests misclassified some subjects as belonging to the other group, with greater misclassification for both tests in the control group and more overall for the P3 measure. Adding the two sleep onset REM period (SOREMP) criteria on MSLT for narcolepsy, one patient was still classified as normal. Analysis of data from individual naps indicated that the MSLT was considerably more powerful in discriminating groups than was P3 amplitude, and it did so for all five naps. Excessive daytime sleepiness, Narcolepsy-cataplexy, Evoked potential P3, Multiple Sleep Latency Test This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Follenius,, M.;Brandenberger,, G.;Simon,, C.;Schlienger, J., L.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.546pmid: N/A
Abstract Summary The purpose of this study was to define the temporal relationship between anterior pituitary hormone profiles and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep occurrence. Plasma levels of prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteotropin (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 10 min blood samples. Analysis of the nocturnal profiles for these hormones and the concomitant patterns of sleep stage distribution indicate that the onset of REM sleep very seldom occurred during the increasing phase of secretory episodes. In 93-98% of cases, depending on the hormone studied, it occurred either during the declining phase, at peak level, or at nadir, each of these phases reflecting a decrease in glandular activity. This relationship differed from the very close association previously found between the sleep stage alternation and plasma renin activity. These findings seem to fit in with the concept of reduced sympathetic activity and disruption of the vegetative functions during REM sleep. REM sleep, Humans, Anterior pituitary hormones This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Shaver,, Joan;Giblin,, Elizabeth;Lentz,, Martha;Lee,, Kathryn
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.556pmid: 3148991
Summary: Women between the ages of 40 and 59 years were classified as pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal, with and without hot flash symptoms, for comparison of somnographic sleep variables. Few differences in sleep variables were noted between the groups. However, peri- and postmenopausal women experiencing hot flashes (symptomatic) tended to have lower sleep efficiencies than those not experiencing hot flashes. As well, rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency was longer (p < 0.05) in the symptomatic women (x = 94.2 min) than in the nonsymptomatic women (x = 71.4 min). Although an age difference existed between the menopausal status groups, it was less than a decade and a main group effect for sleep efficiency and REM latency was seen while controlling for age and/or depression. Sleep, Menopause, Age, Hot flashes This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos,, Ardith;Roehrs,, Timothy;Schaefer,, Mark;Roth,, Thomas
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.562pmid: 3238258
Summary: The test-retest reliability of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) was evaluated in 14 healthy normal subjects. Each slept a single night in the laboratory (8 h time in bed) and received the MSL T the following day (1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 h) on two occasions separated by 4--14 months. Mean sleep latency (four tests) was highly reliable from MSLT to MSLT (r = 0.97, p < 0.001). The test-retest reliability did not change as a function of the interval of time between tests or as a function of the level of sleepiness (range == 4--20 min) within the population. However, as the number of tests comprising the MSL T was reduced below three, the reliability was reduced such that only 50% or less of the variance could be predicted. Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), Test-retest reliability, Daytime sleepiness This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.566pmid: N/A
Consensus document, Medical school, Curriculum, Sleep disorders medicine, Association of Professional, Sleep Societies Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
doi: 10.1093/sleep/11.6.571pmid: 3238259
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
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