doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.409pmid: 3317724
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Erkinjuntti,, T.;Partinen,, M.;Sulkava,, R.;Telakivi,, T.;Salmi,, T.;Tilvis,, R.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.419pmid: 3685751
Summary: Sleep-related hypopneas and apneas were studied in 19 patients with multiinfarct dementia (MID), in 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in 26 healthy control subjects using the Static Charge-Sensitive Bed (SCSB) method. Demented patients had more apneas or hypopneas and more disturbed sleep than the control subjects. Over 10 apneas/hypopneas per hour of sleep were detected in 47.5% of the demented patients and in 19.2% of the control subjects (p < 0.05). Restlessness comprised 46.7% of the time in bed in patients with AD and 49.6% in those with MID, but only 102.% in the control subjects (p < 0.001, controls versus demented). The total duration of apneas and hypopneas calculated from the total sleeping time was greater than 10% in 60.0% of the demented patients and in 15.4% of the control subjects (p < 0.001). Patients with MID tended to have more apneas/hypopneas than those with AD, and apneas/hypopneas tended to increase in direct proportion to the severity of dementia. Age had no effect on the proportion of apneas and hypopneas among demented patients or control subjects, but male controls had more apneas and hypopneas than did female controls. Alzheimer's disease, Apnea, Hypopnea, Multiinfarct dementia This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.426pmid: 3317725
Summary: Studies on the interaction between sleep and thermoregulation are reviewed with regard to the processes underlying the ultradian evolution of behavioral states. The experimental evidence shows that thermoregulatory mechanisms influence the waking-sleeping cycle in both the absence or the presence of a thermal load. Such a control appears to be a functional necessity to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thermoregulatio, Behavioral state, Waking-sleeping cycle This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Perez,, E.;Amici,, R.;Bacchelli,, B.;Zamboni,, G.;Liberti, J., P.;Parmeggiani, P., L.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.436pmid: 2891179
Summary: The role of catecholaminergic mechanisms in determining the changes in the rat's preoptic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration during sleep deprivation and recovery induced by ambient temperature was investigated in the present study. To this end, the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, was measured in the preoptic region of rats maintained in: (a) control (22°C for 52 h), (b) deprivation (−10°C for 52 h), and (c) recovery (22°C for 4 h after 48 h at −10°C) conditions. The enzyme followed a Michaelis-Menten kinetic. The analysis of substrate-related kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax did not show any clear-cut difference between experimental conditions, which, as already known, induce both sleep deprivation and recovery in relation to significant cAMP changes. Preoptic region, Sleep deprivation and recovery, Tyrosine hydroxylase This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
, de Maertelaer, V.;Hoffman,, O.;Lemaire,, M.;Mendlewicz,, J.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.443pmid: 3685752
Summary: Various polysomnographic sleep patterns are associated with affective disorders, but very little is known about sleep spindle characteristics in adult depression. In primary endogenous depressive male patients (unipolar, UP, and bipolar, BP) with comparable depression scores and in normal control subjects recorded during 3 consecutive nights, no night effect was observed on the sleep variables investigated except for REM latencies of stages 1 and 2. Stage 2 duration and variables related to sleep spindle characteristics (the number and the density of spindles of 1/2 s; the number and the density of full spindles of stage 2 over the 3 nights) were significantly lower in depressed patients than in control subjects, the mean number of spindles being lower in UP than in BP patients. Sleep spindle measures wcrc clearly negatively correlated with age in the overall group (i.e., depressed plus control subjects). They were also negatively correlated with the REM latencies of stages 1 and 2 in BP depressed patients, whereas this relation was not observed in UP patients. Sleep spindles, Spindle density, Spindle count, Sleep stages, Affective disorders, Unipolar depressives, Bipolar depressives, Controls, Age This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.452pmid: 3685753
Summary: A comparison was made between 16 middle-aged chronic insomniacs and 16 normal sleepers, matched by age and sex, in a psychophysiological study, including polysomnographic night sleep recordings, MMPI personality profiles, testing of cognitive performance, and relaxation capability during daytime. Both objective and subjective criteria of night sleep demonstrated a clear separation of the two groups. Insomniacs had psychosomatic personality profiles. A test for unintentional sleep suggested that poor sleep function in insomniacs is related to deficient sleep-controlling mechanisms, rather than psychological trait and state factors. Only sleep onset difficulties were susceptible to situational factors. Daytime performance was not generally impaired in insomniacs, but they had greater difficulties in the morning. Subjective daytime sleepiness was significantly higher and might represent a particular psychological problem for active behavior. Interrelations of various deficiencies in sleep-wake behavior seem to delineate specific aspects of the chronic insomniac syndrome. Chronic insomnia, Cognitive performance, MMPI, Personality, Unintentional sleep This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.463pmid: 3685754
Summary: Sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) and subjective reports data were obtained from six subjects (male college students) during 2 nights of baseline observation and 5 experimental nights of exposure to a 90-100 dB, 25 ms, 1,000 cis tone pulse with various interstimulus intervals. The first of the 5 experimental nights started with an intertone interval of 80 s. On each of the following 4 nights, the intertone interval was fixed at 40-, 10-, 2.5-, or 1-s intervals, respectively. With the intensification of noise stimulus by shortening the intervals of tone pulses, a progressive disruption of nightly EEG sleep patterns was observed as follows: (a) increased frequency of awakenings and sleep stage changes during the night, (b) prolonged sleep latency, and (c) increased percentage of time spent in stage 1 sleep. However, total sleep time, REM latency, inter-REM intervals, and the percentages of time in stages 2, 3, 4, and REM sleep did not change significantly. The degree of subjective sleep disturbance was highly associated with objective measures of nightly EEG sleep patterns. Disruption of nightly sleep, Noise effects, Sleep disturbance, Tone pulse This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Cipolli,, Carlo;Baroncini,, Paolo;Fagioli,, Igino;Fumai,, Angela;Salzarulo,, Piero
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.473pmid: 3685755
Summary: It has been found that the contents of mental sleep experience (MSE) in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are often interrelated. The aim of this study was to see whether this interrelatedness is better accounted for by the hypothesis that the mental sleep experience interrupted by provoked awakening is resumed when the subject returns to sleep (resumption), or by the hypothesis that the same contents are elaborated repeatedly throughout the night (iterative processing). We also aimed to gain some information as to the processes by which contents previously stored in memory are retrieved and inserted into the current MSE. Ten subjects were awakened 4 times on each of 4 nights after 9 min of REM sleep, and the contents of all the possible pairings of reports were scored and compared with respect to the factors “night” (same/different), “report contiguity” (contiguous/noncontiguous reports), “unit interrelated” (lexical/propositional), and “interrelationship” (paradigmatic/syntagmatic). Both the occurrences and the frequencies of interrelations were greater for same night pairs than for different night pairs, but without significant differences between contiguous and noncontiguous pairs: these data provide support for the iterative processing hypothesis. The units interrelated in pairs of reports are more frequently at a lexical than a propositional level and show more paradigmatic than syntagmatic interrelationships: these data suggest that the reelaboration of contents of previous MSEs occurs mainly at a local level, making for the coherence, rather than the thematic, progression of the MSE narrative. Mental sleep experience, Content interrelations, Iterative processing This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Campbell, Patricia, I.;Reynolds, Charles, F.;Jennings, J., Richard;Thase,, Michael;Frank,, Ellen;Howell,, Joseph;Kupfer, David, J.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.480pmid: 3685756
Summary: We report the reliability of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) scoring and visual estimates of erectile fullness performed by a group of eight registered polysomnographic technologists (RPSGTs). We achieved overall good to excellent interrater reliability (as measured by coefficients of variation, CVs) for seven widely used electrographic measures of NPT activity: number of episodes, categorization of episodes (full or partial), total tumescence changes, tip change, base change, duration of episode, and duration of 80% maximum tumescence. In two different visual estimate trials using photographs, separated by 2 weeks, female technologists (n = 4) made mean visual estimates of erectile fullness that were significantly higher than those of male technologists (n = 4). In addition, the CVs among the female technologists on visual estimates was consistently lower than those of the males. Higher correlations, however, were found between male technologists' estimates of fullness versus buckling force than for female technologists' estimates. Thus, the gender of a technologist may affect visual estimates of erectile fullness during NPT assessment. Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), Reliability This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
Thase, Michael, E.;Reynolds, Charles, F.;Jennings, J., Richard;Frank,, Ellen;Howell,, Joe;Houck, Patricia, R.;Kupfer, David, J.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.486pmid: 3685757
Summary: While concurrent monitoring of sleep is considered to be a necessary component of evaluating nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), in order to ensure that NPT data are not invalidated by fragmented sleep or diminished REM sleep, it is not known whether NPT recording itself disrupts sleep beyond the expected first night effect. In this study of 42 outpatient men with major depression and 36 normal control subjects, we found no effect of NPT recording on measures of sleep continuity, proportion of NREM to REM sleep, or REM sleep in either depressed or healthy control subjects. Nocturnal penile tumescence, Electroencephalographic sleep, Depression This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Association of Professional Sleep Societies
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