SLEEP

Schiller,, Francis

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.199pmid: 6385199

Summary: Involuntary eye movements at the onset of sleep are mentioned in Virgil's Aeneid (19 Be). “Nystagmus” in relation to states oflowered consciousness was painstakingly catalogued by Sauvages (1768). Sporadic studies of eye behavior during sleep were recorded during the 19th century and were associated with disorders of brainstem physiology, culminating in von Economo's observations during the encephalitis lethargic a epidemic of the 1920s. Sleep, Eye movements This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Calvo, J., M.;Fernández-Guardiola,, A.

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.202pmid: 6484425

Summary: We analyzed the electrical activity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA), anterior and posterior regions of the cingulate gyrus (A-CG and P-CG), the dorsal hippocampus (DH), the anterior ventral thalamic nucleus (AVTN), and the sensory motor cortex during the rapid eye movements and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) activity of REM sleep in cats in chronic preparation. Polygraphic recordings and computational peri event averages using the phasic contractions of the lateral rectus muscle (LR) of the eyeball as the triggering signal of the analysis were performed. We observed biphasic potentials (200-300 ms) of variable amplitude, related to the phasic phenomena of REM sleep, in the BLA, A-CG, P-CG, DH, and AVTN. The latencies of the potentials of these regions were always greater than those of the geniculate PGO activities. We propose that the recorded limbic potentials resulted from propagation of PGO activity and that this phenomenon may reflect the limbic structure of the hallucinatory, vegetative, and emotional components of REM sleep. Sleep, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Gyrus cinguli, REM sleep, Ponto-geniculo-occipital activity This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Semba,, Jun-ichi;Toru,, Michio;Mataga,, Nobuko

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.211pmid: 6207582

Summary: Twenty-four hour rhythms, at 4 h intervals, of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) contents were investigated in the rat brain regions where sleep-wakefulness regulation is believed to occur: Nucleus suprachiasmaticus (SC), n, raphe dorsalis (RD) and medialis (RM), and locus coeruleus, Cosinor method of Halberg was applied to evaluate sinusoidal rhythmicity of the measured values, In the SC only NE showed a significant rhythm with a peak value at the beginning of the light period, which suggests that a NE mechanism may be involved in oscillating biological rhythms in rats, In the RD and RM, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid increased significantly during the light period, Moreover, 5-HT rhythm in the RD was maintained even under constant dark conditions, which suggests that 5-HT rhythm in the RD may be endogenous. Twenty-four hour rhythm, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Nucleus suprachiasmaticus, Raphe nuclei, Locus coeruleus This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Ioffe,, S.;Jansen, A., H.;Chernick,, V.

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.219pmid: 6484426

Summary: Mild hypercapnia in the adult animal does not affect sleep pattern but more severe hypercapnia in the fetus increases the duration of REM sleep. Adult male rats were exposed daily for 2-3 h sessions at random to 6, 7, and 8% CO2 or room air. Breathing CO2 caused a 60% increase in sleep onset latency, a 28% decrease in sleep duration, but no change in percent time spent in REM. However, the duration of REM sleep episodes increased by 30%. Thus, in both fetal and adult animals severe hypercapnia appears to have a similar effect on sleep pattern. Carbon dioxide, Sleep, Adult rat, Hypercapnia This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Walsh, James, K.;Muehlbach, Mark, J.;Schweitzer, Paula, K.

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.223pmid: 6148784

Summary: Ten rotating shift workers, who changed shifts every 1 to 4 weeks, slept in the laboratory during the first four daytime sleep periods of two consecutive tours of night shift. Prior to the first two sleep periods of one tour, the subjects were given 0.5 mg triazolam. Placebo was administered prior to sleep periods one and two of the other night shift tour. Neither drug nor placebo was given before the third and fourth sleep period of either tour of night shift. Conditions were counterbalanced among subjects. Polysomnography demonstrated that triazolam significantly increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency relative to placebo, primarily by promoting sleep maintenance. No adaptation to daytime sleep was seen during the four consecutive sleep periods without triazolam (placebo, then no drug). Triazolam did not appear to promote adaptation to daytime sleep on the 2 days following triazolam administration. Shift work, Hypnotics, Triazolam, Circadian sleep/wake cycle This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Seidel, Wesley, F.;Stephen,, Ball;Cohen,, Suzanne;Patterson,, Nancy;Yost,, Doug;Dement, William, C.

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.230pmid: 6484427

Summary: Nocturnal sleep was recorded prior to daytime testing that included the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, profile of mood states, card sorting, and Stanford Sleepiness Scale in 138 volunteers with the complaint of chronic insomnia and 89 noncomplaining sleepers (“normals”). In both groups daytime sleep tendency had no significant linear correlation either with any Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scale or with tension/anxiety and other moods assessed in the morning. In normals, speed of card sorting but not subjective sleepiness tended to correlate with sleep tendency. Given that physiological sleepiness is the most predictable consequence of sleep deprivation in normals, it is particularly interesting that 14% of the insomniac group are chronic insomniacs with no measurable daytime sleep tendency. Despite this lack of sleep tendency during the day, their nocturnal sleep was just as poor as insomniacs with greater daytime sleep tendency. The lack of daytime sleepiness seen in this subgroup may reflect a basic pathophysiological aspect of their insomnia. Insomnia, Sleep, Sleep disorders, Task performance, Personality This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Mosko, Sarah, S.;Knipher, Kurt, F.;Sassin, Jon, F.;Donnelly,, James

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.239pmid: 6484428

Summary: In adults with obstructive sleep apnea middle latency auditory evoked responses were recorded as a function of apnea-related arterial oxygen desaturation both before sleep onset and during nocturnal sleep. In waking, wave Pa latency was normal in five of six subjects, and Pa amplitude was normal in all. During sleep apneas, wave Pa remained stable even during intervals of severe oxygen desaturation (e.g., 45-90% and 50-84% saturation in two subjects). Furthermore, wave Pa recorded immediately on awakening in the morning was unaltered compared with the response recorded just prior to sleep onset, despite a high frequency of nocturnal apneas in all subjects. These data indicate that repetitive nocturnal oxygen desaturation associated with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has neither immediate nor cumulative measurable effects on the functioning of neurons that sub serve the middle latency evoked response. These findings are discussed in relation to a possible cortical contribution to the middle latency response. Evoked potentials, Sleep apnea, Middle latency auditory evoked potentials This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Ware, J., Catesby;Karacan,, Ismet;Salis, Patricia, J.;Thornby,, Jack;Hirshkowitz,, Max

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.247pmid: 6541364

Summary: The etiology of erectile failure is not always clear despite the fact that recordings of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) are used to detect patients with a significant organic component to their complaint. We recorded electrodermal activity in addition to NPT in 60 impotent patients. Normally more electrodermal activity occurs in stage 2 than in stage REM sleep. Despite a similar total amount of electrodermal activity, organically impotent patients tended to have less electrodermal activity in stage 2 and more in stage REM sleep than those with normal NPT. This difference was due to a subgroup of 15 organically impotent patients with less electrodermal activity in stage 2 than in stage REM sleep. Because of this difference in the pattern of electrodermal activity in relation to sleep stages, the results suggest a central nervous system change is related to impaired erectile capability and abnormal NPT in these cases. Autonomic nervous system, Electrodermal activity, Impotence, Sleep, Erectile failure This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Poelstra, Peter A., M.

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.255pmid: N/A

Abstract Summary: In a survey study of patients of a general practitioner the relationship between sleep quality and a heterogeneous set of other variables was examined. The data file was divided randomly, and a two-staged multiple regression analysis was performed on each half. The two resulting regression equations were crossvalidated on the data of the other data file. The variables mood, age, and use of medicine proved to have the most significant relationship to sleep quality. Sleep, Subjective sleep quality, Epidemiology, Multiple regression analysis This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York

Bunnell, David, E.;Bevier, Wendy, C.;Horvath, Steven, M.

doi: 10.1093/sleep/7.3.261pmid: 6484430

Summary: Five men and five women participated in a study comparing the effects of sleep interruption with and without the imposition of physical activity. Subjects were awakened following the second REM period and returned to sleep 1 h later. In the IS condition they sat up and read during this period; in the ISE condition they exercised for 50 min at 60% V02max. Relative to undisturbed sleep (US), IS resulted in a substantially shortened third non-REM (NREM) period, increased eye movement (EM) duration and density in the third REM period, and increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) in the fourth NREM period. The loss of delta sleep in the shortened NREM period was compensated for by an increase in delta sleep in the fourth NREM period (r = −0.90). However, total SWS obtained after interruption was unchanged from US. The ISE condition induced increases in cardiac output and temperature during sleep. No consistent changes in SWS were observed relative to IS, but the duration of the third REM period was reduced as well as EM duration and density within that REM period. Since REM sleep propensity is typically highest during the metabolic nadir of early morning sleep, the suppression of tonic and phasic components of REM sleep after ISE was concluded to result from the exercise-induced increase of metabolism and body temperature during sleep. Exercise-sleep effects, Interrupted sleep, Slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, REM propensity This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Raven Press, New York