Construction Management and Economics

Boyd, Philippa; Larsen, Graeme D.; Schweber, Libby

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1074262pmid: N/A

Current approaches for the reduction of carbon emissions in buildings are often predicated on the integration of renewable technologies into building projects. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is one of these technologies and brings its own set of challenges and problems with a resulting mutual articulation of this technology and the building. A Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) approach explores how negotiations between informal groups of project actors with shared interests shape the ongoing specification of both BIPV and the building. Six main groups with different interests were found to be involved in the introduction of BIPV (Cost Watchers, Design Aesthetes, Green Guardians, Design Optimizers, Generation Maximizers and Users). Their involvement around three sets of issues (design changes from lack of familiarity with the technology, misunderstandings from unfamiliar interdependencies of trades and the effects of standard firm procedure) is followed. Findings underline how BIPV requires a level of integration that typically spans different work packages and how standard contractual structures inhibit the smooth incorporation of BIPV. Successful implementation is marked by ongoing (re-)design of both the building and the technology as informal fluid groups of project actors with shared interests address the succession of problems which arise in the process of implementation.

Sherratt, Fred; Crapper, Martin; Foster-Smith, Lydia; Walsh, Sinead

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1024269pmid: N/A

The construction industry is dangerous, with 39 fatalities at work in the UK in 2012/13 and comparable and even larger figures reported worldwide. People also take part in construction on a voluntary basis; most volunteers have limited training and no technical qualification, whilst safety regulation frameworks range from being comparable to professional sectors to zero regulation in some international contexts. Unstructured interviews were undertaken with volunteer construction workers from two areas: those returning from international development projects and those regularly volunteering on UK heritage railways. Taking a social constructionist perspective, data was explored using discourse analysis to illuminate ‘safety’ within this unique construction ‘industry’. Those with engineering or technical backgrounds developed more tangible constructions of safety, around risks and hazards, within their activities, yet volunteers without this experience also acknowledged a wider context of danger. Volunteers on overseas projects developed discourses of ‘difference’ between safety at home and safety outside the UK, associated with negative practices overseas yet with acceptance of their inevitability as part of the voluntary experience. Further work is proposed to determine whether these insights can contribute to improved safety management within the voluntary construction context.

Galea, Natalie; Powell, Abigail; Loosemore, Martin; Chappell, Louise

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1042887pmid: N/A

The construction industry remains the most male dominated sector in Australia. Several decades of formal gender equality initiatives by government and business have failed to bring about any meaningful change to the hierarchical and numerical representation of women in the sector. Drawing on new institutionalism, particularly the concepts of ‘robustness’ and ‘revisability’, the nature and intent of formal policies and programs that impact on gender equality are analysed in two large Australian multinational construction firms. Through in-depth interviews with senior management and a document analysis of formal policies, it is concluded that gender equality initiatives and broader policies are primarily focused on increasing the numbers of women in construction rather than addressing gender practices and outcomes. These policies lack many of the qualities of robustness and revisability, which impacts on their capacity to genuinely challenge the gendered norms, practices and narratives of the sector.

Gosling, Jonathan; Naim, Mohamed; Towill, Denis; Abouarghoub, Wessam; Moone, Brian

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1028956pmid: N/A

Many empirical studies exploring the impact of supply chain management on performance metrics have been undertaken in the manufacturing and retail sectors, espousing the positive outcomes attainable. Owing to a range of industry characteristics, some have questioned the effectiveness of such initiatives in the construction sector, and it has been noted that there is a lack of longitudinal empirical data in this setting. Exploiting a unique performance dataset gathered from a global construction company’s archival records (1990–2013), the following question is addressed: ‘what is the impact of supplier development initiatives on key performance indicators (KPIs) in a construction supply chain?’. Mobilizing established frameworks on relationship types and supplier development initiatives, suppliers are organized into relational categories, including ‘strategic partners’, ‘preferred’ and ‘approved’ suppliers. A combination of descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Levene’s tests was used to analyse the data. The findings report a significant difference between the volatility of performance between different groups. The higher the level of partnership in the relational category, the more consistency there will be in performance. Suppliers in the approved category perform less well on the ‘closeout’ KPI, suggesting a need for initiatives with this category to help raise performance on closeout issues.

Löwstedt, Martin

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1066021pmid: N/A

There has recently been a growing interest for ethnographic studies in construction, predicated upon the belief that ethnographic research in the construction industry can provide a powerful way of illuminating construction practices in new ways. Focusing on the ethnographic method, it is demonstrated how a self-reflexive ethnography can contribute to a deeper understanding of the variations, contradictions and tensions underlying practices on a building site, thereby serving as a complement to other qualitative approaches. A short four-week ethnographic study illustrates how the subjective ‘I’ of the ethnographer can be used as an active producer of knowledge, by reflecting on how insights from an individual’s role, both as an observer and as a worker, can account for the complex interplay between socialities and materialities on a building site. The results also contribute to the discussion regarding the length of ethnographic studies, by showing how valuable insights can be drawn from shorter ‘ethnographic episodes’, studied through a self-reflexive lens.

O’Keeffe, Dennis; Thomson, Derek; Dainty, Andrew

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1072639pmid: N/A

Design evaluation is a complex and rich social practice that is organized and distinguished by its practical understandings, rules, general understandings and teleoaffective structures. This praxiographic study of a major National Health Service (NHS) hospital project uses practice theory to investigate the concept of design evaluation as ‘a practice’. By applying Theodore Schatzki’s site ontology, design evaluation practices are revealed to respond to dynamic teleoaffective structures that highlight the role of both practical intelligibility and the intertwined impact of external policy stipulations. Through this theoretical lens, fresh insight into the actuality of NHS hospital design evaluation praxis is provided that questions some of the axioms upon which such processes are assumed to operate. In particular, the appropriateness of the decontextualized and deterministic processes currently found in UK government design policy is questioned. It is posited that an approach to design evaluation grounded in Schatzki’s practice theory has greater potential to improve the design quality of NHS healthcare buildings that could, in turn, improve patient healthcare outcomes.

Seboni, Lone; Tutesigensi, Apollo

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1077981pmid: N/A

Empirical studies that examine how managers make project manager-to-project (PM2P) allocation decisions in multi-project settings are currently limited. Such decisions are crucial to organizational success. An empirical study of the PM2P practice, conducted in the context of Botswana, revealed ineffective processes in terms of optimality in decision-making. A conceptual model to guide effective PM2P practices was developed. The focus of this study is on deploying the model as a lens to study the PM2P practices of a large organization, with a view to identifying and illustrating strengths and weaknesses. A case study was undertaken in the mining industry, where core activities in terms of projects are underground mineral explorations at identified geographical regions. A semi-structured interview protocol was used to collect data from 15 informants, using an enumeration. Integrated analysis of both data types (using univariate descriptive analysis for the quantitative data, content and thematic analysis for the qualitative data) revealed strengths in PM2P practices, demonstrated by informants’ recognition of some important criteria to be considered. The key weaknesses were exemplified by a lack of effective management tools and techniques to match project managers to projects. The findings provide a novel perspective through which improvements in working practices can be made.

Sherratt, Fred

doi: 10.1080/01446193.2015.1013045pmid: N/A

As part of a wider programme, the UK Department of Health produced a Responsibility Deal Construction Pledge, seeking organizational commitment in improving the health of its workforce. Yet commercial involvement with the health of the worker beyond the workplace is a contentious issue, a fundamental challenge to personal freedoms. The exercise of this paternalistic or pastoral power should be questioned, and consequently the agendas and interests behind it have been explored through a critical discourse analysis of the press release of the Pledge. Workers’ inability to make the ‘right’ decisions about their health was used as justification for corporate intervention to guide workers to their ‘true’ interests and the ‘right’ choices. The occupational health of individual construction workers on sites was negated for their wider contributions as a workforce to industry and the UK economy. Whilst the real interests of construction workers are likely to be served by a balance of good health and work, this should not be dictated by government, much less commercial organizations with vested interests in worker output. Concerns are raised for workers’ health and well-being in terms of their fundamental autonomy, and an increasingly controlled relationship between productive activities and power relations.