Measurement and Control

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300701pmid: N/A

Bigg, M

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300702pmid: N/A

Leach, K G

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300703pmid: N/A

Final moisture content of baked products is an important quality parameter which affects shelf life. Standard laboratory methods of measuring moisture content require skilled personnel to perform the analysis which can take upwards of an hour. Other off-line ‘quick’ methods are sensitive to initial settings and operator performance. These off-line methods also involve the operators in sample selection, transport and preparation, a procedure that can be a prime source of additional errors.A requirement exists for a rapid online measurement technique capable of close performance to the reference methods of moisture determination. This paper describes the application of an instrument employing infra-red back-scatter techniques to work effectively online for the measurement of moisture content in discrete biscuit products.

Miller, B

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300704pmid: N/A

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations came into force in 1989. Under the regulations the employer may need to monitor the workplace to assess potential exposure of personnel to toxic gases and to show compliance with Occupational Exposure Limits. Before embarking on a monitoring programme an initial appraisal of the situation should be made, followed by a basic and possibly a detailed survey depending on the extent of the problem. This paper will discuss sampling strategies and equipment available for monitoring the workplace including short-term and personal monitors, and area monitors.

Parvin, A D; Henderson, W

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300705pmid: N/A

McKnight, J A; Clare, A

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300706pmid: N/A

Ultrasonics can be used in industrial processes to measure a number of variables. Liquid level can be determined by pulse-echo techniques. Flowrates can be measured by time-of-flight or doppler methods. The latter can also provide flow distributions. Fluid temperature and solute concentrations can be deduced from the sonic velocity. Particle and gas contents can also be monitored. Ultrasonics is essentially a non-invasive technique, and technology suitable for high temperature or corrosive conditions is available.

Parker, Malcolm

doi: 10.1177/002029409002300707pmid: N/A