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Fazzalari, Nicola L.; Goldblatt, Elton; Adams, A. Phillip S.
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870140902pmid: 3098786
A composite three‐dimensional (3D) echographic left ventricular (LV) reconstruction to measure LV volumes was evaluated in 26 children. Four apical views, to minimize assumptions about LV shape, were used to obtain a “wire‐cage” model of the LV in 3D. Numerical integration was used to make estimates of both end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes. Volume estimates obtained with echographic techniques and those obtained with the angiographic biplane method were compared. The echographic volume estimates were systematically smaller (p < 0.005), and a consistent trend, though not significant, was observed indicating that this systematic error is less for the 3D method. One‐way analysis of variance confirmed significant global geometric fluctuations. Hence, 3D reconstruction can be performed in a clinical setting, and the enhanced graphic representation of global LV geometry may contribute to improved patient management.
Muñoz, Washington Patricio; Moore, Peter John; MacKinnon, Anne; Haines, Linda Margaret
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870140904pmid: 3098788
The relationship between fetal biparietal diameter measured by echo‐graphy and menstrual age for blacks was studied. Predicted values and their confidence limits are presented in tables and graphs. The biparietal diameter was significantly smaller from 28 weeks than American and European studies, demonstrating that a composite graph was not applicable to the Zulus. The echographic results were checked at term by external cephalometry. Occipitofrontal circumference and birth weights for newborns were found similar to other studies. The smaller BPD in late pregnancy could be explained by the heads shape. The new charts are valuable in assessing fetal growth in African blacks.
Rector, William G.; Campra, Jose; Ralls, Philip W.; Charms, Matthew
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870140905pmid: 3098789
The splanchnic venous system was examined by real‐time ultrasonography in 46 patients with cirrhosis and documented portal hypertension and in 32 healthy subjects. Patients with portal hypertension had increased diameter of the splanchnic (portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric) veins (76% of patients), attenuation of the normal inspiratory increase in vein size (59%), and demonstrable portasystemic collateral vessels (umbilical or coronary veins or spontaneous splenorenal shunt) (44%). Splanchnic venous dimensions were significantly increased and changed less with respiration in patients with demonstrable portasystemic collaterals as compared to patients without these vessels. Portal pressure correlated only mildly with portal vein diameter (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). Ultrasound abnormalities are present in a majority of patients with intrahepatic portal hypertension. However, because increased venous diameter and attenuated change in diameter with respiration are less frequent in patients lacking demonstrable portasystemic collaterals, the sensitivity of the test is least in those patients in whom its specificity is also limited.
Crivello, Madeline S.; Peterson, Ingrid M.; Austin, Robert M.
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870140906pmid: 3098790
Three patients were scanned in whom the sonographic diagnoses of perisplenic fluid collections were made. Computed tomography scanning demonstrated that the appearances were not caused by perisplenic pathology but by lateral extent of normal left lobe of the liver. Methods to avoid this potential sonographic pitfall are suggested.
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870140907pmid: 3098791
Eighteen cases of congenital clubfoot were diagnosed sonographically between 16 and 38 weeks. The method of diagnosis, associated anomalies, karyotypes, and obstetric outcomes are described. Fifteen of the 18 fetuses had other major congenital anomalies, and of these, four had abnormal karyotypes. Only three had uncomplicated clubfoot as the only abnormality. Because of the significant incidence of abnormal karyotypes in our series, confirmed in other reported cases, identification of a clubfoot on prenatal sonography may be considered an indication for amniocentesis, particularly when other anomalies are present.
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Seven hundred ninety‐one consecutive patients with acute viral hepatitis, 17 of whom had liver failure, and 97 healthy volunteers were examined by ultrasound. No specific patterns were found in either the uncomplicated or the complicated forms. Only 19 subjects showed a typical “bright liver” pattern, which is correlated with significant vacuolar hepatocellular degeneration. The increased brightness and clear visualization of portal vein radicle walls, previously described in this disease, were detected in only 32.2% of the hepatitis patients but were also seen in 30.9% of the normal controls.