Journal of Clinical Psychology

James, Larry C.; James, Larry

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20309pmid: N/A

This special section of the Journal of Clinical Psychology serves as the proceedings for the inaugural Clinical Health Psychology Institute (CHPI). The goal of the CHPI was to provide attendees with a practical, “hands‐on” integration of clinical health psychology research and applied services for primary care practice. This primary care special section is a collection of some of the lectures presented during the one day conference. Dr. James' article on integrating clinical psychology into primary care settings serves as a beginner's guide to primary care integration and how and where to start a primary care program. Additionally, Drs. Earles, James, and Folen provide the rationale for health psycyhologists prescribing non‐psychopharmacological agents, as well as an overview of the clinical pathway model for psychologists to prescribe non‐psychopharmacological agents for the treatment of obesity. Lastly, Dr. Robin Miyamoto provided an article to serve as a guide for utilization of the codes to enhance reimbursement and assist psychologists in developing sustainable behavioral medicine practices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1205–1206, 2006.

James, Larry C.; James, Larry

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20306pmid: 16897698

The primary care setting offers a mostly new and exciting opportunity for clinical psychology. Historically, psychology has been relegated to the “back forty,” distant and far removed from mainstream medicine in most major hospitals. The primary care integration possibilities for clinical psychology are many. The present article will highlight these opportunities as well as provide the reader with an understanding as to why this conceptual paradigm and practical shift is needed as well as how to integrate clinical psychology services into the primary care setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1207–1212, 2006.

Earles, Jay E.; James, Larry C.; Folen, Raymond A.; James, Larry

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20304pmid: 16897696

At least 10 years have passed since the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project graduated its first class of psychologists. All graduates of that program were credentialed to prescribe and the program received promising external reviews and audits. The profession has since moved well beyond the initial question, “Can and should psychologists prescribe?” posed over two decades ago. A number of professional schools and training institutions have implemented postdoctoral psychopharmacology training programs and over 20 states are actively pursuing legislative agendas. Given recent initiatives to provide health psychology services within the primary care arena, the authors introduce a new role in the scope of psychology's prescribing activities. They propose that psychopharmacological agents are not the only medications psychologists should be trained to prescribe and psychopharmacology training should include course work and supervision related to treatment within a primary care patient setting in addition to a traditional psychiatric one. The authors provide the rationale for primary care clinical health psychology training as the appropriate mechanism for psychopharmacology education and practice. Public health needs and epidemiological data provide the rationale for health psychologists additionally prescribing non‐psychopharmacological agents. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1213–1220, 2006.

Miyamoto, Robin E. S.; James, Larry

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20299pmid: 16897690

The health and behavior current procedural terminology (CPT) codes introduced in 2003 have gained nationwide acceptance through Medicare and limited acceptance through third party payers. The codes facilitate accurate description and quantification of behavioral medicine services within a primary care or specialty clinic setting. The author reviews their appropriate utilization to enhance reimbursement and facilitate development of self‐sustaining behavioral medicine programs. Information is provided on increased use and reimbursement of codes within psychology. Future directions for continued advocacy, increased acceptance, training, and research are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1221–1229, 2006.

Dyson, Rachael; Renk, Kimberly

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20295pmid: 16810671

Attending a university for the first time can be a stressful experience for many new college students. This study examines the relationships among femininity and masculinity, depressive symptomatology, levels of stress, and the types of coping strategies used by college freshmen. Results of this study suggest that these variables were related uniquely for first‐year college students. Masculinity and femininity significantly predicted problem‐focused coping, and femininity significantly predicted emotion‐focused coping. Further, the levels of family and college stress reported by college students, as well as their endorsement of avoidant coping, significantly predicted their levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, the results of this study suggest that understanding the relationships among the gender role, the levels of depressive symptomatology, and the levels of stress exhibited by college freshmen may be important in facilitating their transition and adjustment to university life. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1231–1244, 2006.

Ikeda, Kazunari; Koga, Aito; Minami, Satoru

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20301pmid: 16897693

Using a treatment package featuring the urine alarm, this study evaluated a treatment process for nocturnal enuresis. Children who received the training were classified into treatment successes (N = 38) and nonsuccesses (N = 19) according to a criterion (3‐week continence). Their daily results were analyzed with four categories: dry with sleep (DS), dry with spontaneous awakening (DA), wet with spontaneous or alarm‐forced awakening (WA), and wet with sleep (WS). In a trend analysis, an increase of DA over the treatment process was prominent for successes compared to nonsuccesses. Entering WA to a discriminant analysis, 86% of children were correctly classified into the two groups. The findings that awakening categories well distinguished successes from nonsuccesses provide support for an active avoidance model explaining the efficacy of urine‐alarm treatment for nocturnal enuresis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1245–1257, 2006.

Schacht, Melanie; Richter‐Appelt, Hertha; Schulte‐Markwort, Michael; Hebebrand, Johannes; Schimmelmann, Benno Graf

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20300pmid: 16897691

A questionnaire on psychological dimensions of eating behavior in children is presented. Existing questionnaires for children specifically focus on symptoms of eating disorders only, whereas for adults, questionnaires assessing general psychological dimensions of eating behavior are also available. The development of the Eating Pattern Inventory for Children (EPI‐C) was based on a sample of 373 fourth‐grade students. Factor and item analysis led to a psychometrically sound 20‐item questionnaire with the dimensions dietary restraint, external eating, parental pressure to eat, and emotional eating. These factors explain 62% of the total item variance. Subscale scores and emerging eating patterns were associated with children's body weight suggesting initial evidence of its validity. The EPI‐C is proposed for research on eating behavior in clinical and non‐clinical preadolescent samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1259–1273, 2006.

Gutman, Julie; McDermut, Wilson; Miller, Ivan; Chelminski, Iwona; Zimmerman, Mark

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20311pmid: 16897736

The study aimed at understanding the relationship between personality pathology and couple functioning, both in terms of general functioning and communication specifically, in a sample of 146 psychiatric outpatients. The results indicated that couple communication was best predicted by a combination of the symptoms within each of the three personality disorder clusters and the total number of personality disorder symptoms while general family functioning was best predicted by the total number of Axis I disorders. No demographic variables were found to be related to the level of couple functioning. Future research needs to focus on understanding what makes it difficult for people with personality disorder traits to function in relationships. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1275–1289, 2006.

Wing, Joanna F.; Schutte, Nicola S.; Byrne, Brian

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20292pmid: 16810662

This study explored the effect of writing about positive emotional experiences on emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. One hundred and seventy‐five adults wrote about one of the following three topics: positive experiences with a cue for emotion regulation reflection, positive experiences without this cue, or a control writing topic. Multivariate analysis showed a significant time (pretest, posttest, and follow‐up) by group effect. Writing about positive emotional experiences with an emotion regulation cue led to significant increases in emotional intelligence and life satisfaction at posttest and the increase in life satisfaction was maintained at 2‐week follow‐up. Further, participants who were cued to reflect on emotional regulation while writing about positive experiences rated their emotional intelligence significantly higher than the participants in the control writing group both at posttest and at follow‐up. There were no significant differences in emotional intelligence or life satisfaction between those who were cued to reflect on emotional regulation while writing about positive experiences and those who wrote about positive experiences without such a cue. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1291–1302, 2006.

Hatchett, Gregory Thomas; Han, Kyunghee

doi: 10.1002/jclp.20308pmid: 16897734

Given the lack of agreement over the factor structure and scoring system used with the Expectations About Counseling Inventory (EAC‐B), the primary purpose of this investigation was to reevaluate the factor structure of the EAC‐B and to construct factor scales based on that structure. After constructing these scales, the second objective was to evaluate the relationships among expectations about counseling, the five‐factor model of personality (FFM), and gender‐related variables. The responses of 460 undergraduate students to all 66 items on the EAC‐B suggested three factors: facilitative conditions, counselor expertise, and client involvement. Expectations for facilitative conditions were positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, masculinity, and femininity; expectations for counselor expertise were negatively correlated with openness and agreeableness and positively correlated with masculinity; and expectations for client involvement were positively correlated with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and femininity. Femininity was the strongest predictor of the facilitative conditions and client involvement scales when the effects of all the other variables were partialled out, whereas openness to experience and gender were the best predictors of counselor expertise when the effects of all the other variables were partialled out. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 1303–1318, 2006.