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Watson, Charles G.; Herder, Joseph; Kucala, Teresa; Hoodecheck‐Schow, Elizabeth
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<447::AID-JCLP2270430502>3.0.CO;2-Mpmid: 3667935
The Army General Classification Test (AGCT) and the MMPI were administered to schizophrenic inpatients (N = 50) with initially high (mean standard score = 115) and low (77) intelligence at two timepoints separated by an average of 14 years. The Arithmetic scores of the more intelligent group declined significantly with time, but significant changes did not appear on the Vocabulary or Spatial Aptitude scores of that group. No significant mean changes appeared in the low‐IQ sample. The high‐IQ group's Arithmetic section deterioration resulted from an increased error rate, not a drop in speed. No changes beyond those attributable to chance appeared on the MMPI scales. The results suggest that an intellectual decline limited to certain skills and to a subset of subjects occurs in schizophrenia and that the deterioration is not attributable to personality decompensation as defined by the MMPI. Because these findings appear to contrast with most previous research in this area, they should be considered tentative until confirmed by independent studies.
Martin, M. Virginia; Buckhalt, Joseph A.; Pipes, Randolph B.; Nivens, Maryruth K.; Katz, Judd A.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<456::AID-JCLP2270430504>3.0.CO;2-Ipmid: 3667936
The relationship between experiences with noncontingency and attributional style was examined in experimental and correlational models. One hundred and twenty‐six college student subjects were provided noncontingent, contingent, or no feedback as to the correctness of their responses on a concept discrimination problem. They then completed an attributional style questionnaire, a scale designed to measure life experiences with noncontingency, and a depression inventory. The experimental hypothesis was that exposure to noncontingent outcomes, both in a laboratory and historically, would result in more depressive attributions than would exposure to contingent outcomes or to no outcomes. The manipulation of feedback contingencies produced the predicted effect on attributions for positive and negative events combined into a single composite difference score. A correlation between life experiences with noncontingency and attributions was found only for the positive events measure. However, such life experiences were correlated significantly with depression.
Raulin, Michael L.; Henderson, Cynthia A.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<463::AID-JCLP2270430505>3.0.CO;2-Npmid: 3667937
The perception of trait relationships was measured in both schizotypic and control college subjects (N = 46) by use of a similarity rating method. Schizotypic and control subjects were selected on the basis of their scores on four scales of schizotypy: Physical Anhedonia, Perceptual Aberration, Intense Ambivalence, and Somatic Symptoms. Schizotypes as a group were more variable in their ratings of trait relationships than were controls. When each scale was considered separately, only perceptual aberrators as a group were as consistent in their ratings of trait relationships as control subjects. These findings support the hypothesis that schizotypes fail to share the semantic trait structure accepted by most normal subjects and may be a possible explanation for previous findings of social deficits in schizotypes.
Colligan, Robert C.; Offord, Kenneth P.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<467::AID-JCLP2270430506>3.0.CO;2-8pmid: 3667938
Although it is more than 30 years old, Es remains one of the most frequently scored of the MMPI supplemental scales. However, there have been significant changes in MMPI response patterns among adults since the Es scale was first developed. New normative tables for the Es scale based on a contemporary census‐matched sample of normal adults are presented along with figures that illustrate changes associated with age and sex.
Watson, Charles G.; Plemel, Duane; Vassar, Patricia; Manifold, Victor; Kucala, Teresa; Anderson, Douglas
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<472::AID-JCLP2270430507>3.0.CO;2-Jpmid: 3667939
The validities of six MMPI repression scales were compared using each of the other five and an independent measure as criteria (N = 190). The data gave little support to the Eichman, Welsh, and Haan Repression scales as operational definitions of this construct. The results for the Little‐Fisher Denial, Byrne et al. R‐S, and Haan Denial scales showed more promise.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<478::AID-JCLP2270430508>3.0.CO;2-Zpmid: 3667940
This study compared MCMI and clinician Axis II diagnoses for DSM‐III diagnostic categories. Subjects were 151 consecutively admitted inpatients at a private psychiatric hospital. The MCMI was administered to all subjects shortly after admission and shortly before discharge. MCMI diagnostic impressions for both admission and discharge then were compared to clinician diagnoses. Results indicated that the MCMI diagnosed Axis II disorders much more frequently than did clinicians. Agreement rates between the MCMI and clinicians were uniformly low across all categories except dependent personality. In addition, there was a relatively low degree of correspondence between MCMI admission diagnoses and MCMI discharge diagnoses. Implications of these results are discussed.
Gass, Carlton S.; Russell, Elbert W.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<484::AID-JCLP2270430509>3.0.CO;2-6pmid: 3667941
This study investigated the emotional adjustment of 50 patients with focal brain damage in the right hemisphere (RHD). The impact of functional loss (as assessed by the WAIS Performance IQ) was assessed by a multivariate comparison of the composite MMPI profiles of these patients as classified into three groups: Below Average, Average, and Above Average Performance IQ. Regardless of the extent of decline in Performance‐related abilities, right hemisphere impairment was associated with symptoms of mild depression, loss of initiative, anxiety, denial, and somatic preoccupations. MMPI scores were not correlated significantly with their WAIS Performance IQs. Implications for neuropsychological assessment are discussed.
doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198709)43:5<490::AID-JCLP2270430510>3.0.CO;2-6pmid: 3667942
Vocabulary and Abstraction scores on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale are used to illustrate the relation between unusual test score combinations and unusual test score differences. It is demonstrated that a combination of two scores can be unusual even though the corresponding difference is not and that a difference between two scores can be unusual even though the corresponding combination is not. Clinicians should be aware that although the two methods of pattern analysis generally will lead to the same conclusion, they need not do so.
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