Caractéristiques Biologiques de Phytodietus Griseanae (Hym., Ichneumonidae) Parasitoide de la Tordeuse Grise du Mélèze Zeiraphera Diniana (Lep., Tortricidae) en Haute MontagneRenfer, A.
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278545pmid: N/A
Zusammenfassung A- Renfer,: Biologische Eigentümlichkeiten von Phytodietus Griseanae (Hym., Ichneumonidae) einem Parasitoid des Lärchenwicklers Zeiraphera Diniana (Lep., Tortricidae) im Hochgebirge. Die Ichneumonide Phytodietus griseanae Kerrich ist ein Ektoparasitoid, der sich auf dem Lärchenwickler (Zeiraphera diniana Guenee) im 4. und 5. Larvenstadium entwickelt. Seine Ethologie wurde 1971 bis 1973 im Optimumgebiet des Phytophagen auf der subalpinen Stufe (1600-21000 m ü. M.) studiert. Der Parasitoid ist in diesem Gebiet univoltin. Die Adulten schlüpfen in der ersten Hälfte des Monats Juni, und die Weibchen leben im Durchschnitt einen Monat. Die Nahrung der Weibchen scheint ausschliesslich aus Haemolymphe des Wirtes zu bestehen. Die Haemolymphentnahme kann dabei so gross sein, dass der Wirt abgetötet wird. Somit kann der Parasitoid gleichzeitig als Räuber auf die Population von Z. diniana einwirken, besonders im Laufe der 5- bis 8-tätigen Praeovipositionsperiode. Nach der Ablage des ersten Eies neigt das Weibchen dazu auf die gleiche Raupe zurückzukehren um ein zweites Mal zu legen, deshalb tritt häufig Superparasitismus auf. Neben normalen Eiern legt der Parasitoid nicht entwicklungsfähige Eier welche durch ein abnormes Chorion gekenntzeichnet sind; ihr Anteil ist eine Funktion des Superparasitismus. Die Aktivität der Ovarien ist nicht konstant; sie hängt von der Dichte und der Frequenz des Wirtes ab. Die grösste Aktivität der Ovarien zeigt sich gegen den 14. Lebenstag der Weibchen. Die Präimaginalentwicklung von P. griseanae findet während des Sommers statt, und die erwachsene Larve bleibt vom September bis zum nächsten Frühjahr in Diapause. Die Lebenstafeln wurden für eine Generation während der Progressions-Kulminationsphase des Wirtes (Oberengadin) und für zwei Generationen während der Kulminations-Regressionsphase (Simplon) studiert. Die höchste Mortalität wurde bei P. griseanae am Beginn und am Ende der Larvalentwicklung beobachtet und ist zu einem grossen Teil biotischen Faktoren zuzuschreiben.
Les Espèces Éthiopiennes du Genre Dicamptus [Hym. Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae, Enicospilini]Delobel, Alex
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278546pmid: N/A
Summary A. Delobel: Ethiopian species of Dicamptus [Hym. Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae, Enicospilini]. The present paper is a revision of the ethiopian species (Africa South of Sahara and Madagascar) of Dicamptus Szepligeti, a genus which belongs to the tribe Enicospilini (Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) and is spread over the warm regions of the Old World. Two new species belonging to the madagascan fauna are described: D. betsileo and D. seyrigi, together with five new species belonging to the continental fauna: D. banqui, D. kelnerae, D. bantu, D. xhosa and D. townesi.
Recherches sur l'Appareil Respiratoire des Blattes II. — Les Vésiculisations Trachéennes et leur Évolution dans le Sous-Ordre des BlattariaBaudet, Joseph L.; Sellier, Robert
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278547pmid: N/A
Summary J.L. Baudet & E. Sellier: The respiration system of the Cockroaches. II - The dilatations of the tracheae and their taxonomic significance in the Blattaria. Nine species of cockroaches are studied in this paper; many distinctions separate them. The main groups of differences are the number of tracheae, the pattern of the tracheal network and the possible dilatation of them. Both sexes of each species have similar respiratory systems. Specific dilatations, when they exist, are generally present at birth and enlarge progressively when moulting. Such air sacs form on connecting tracheae, mainly in the abdomen. We compare the evolution of the respiratory system with that of other specific characters: the size of the wings, and the reproductive behaviour of the female. It clearly results that air sacs are not especially suitable for ovoviviparity, oviparity or flight. The dilatation of the tracheae is generally slight when the respiratory system is simple, and on the contrary, air sacs are very numerous and bulky when the tracheal network is complex. We conclude that the respiratory system of the Blattaria follows an evolution which confirms McKittrick's classification of this suborder.
Révision des Asindulum et des Macrorrhyncha de la Région Paléarctique [Dipt., Mycetophilidae]Matile, Loïc
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278548pmid: N/A
Summary Loïc Matile: Revision of the Palearctic Asindulum and Macrorrhyncha [Diptera, Mycetophilidae]. On the basis of the examination of every available Palearctic species, the genus Macrorrhyncha Winnertz is segregated from Asindulum Latreille. The keroplatine genera with elongated mouthparts are briefly discussed. A revised diagnosis is given for the two genera, as well as keys to species, one of which, Macrorrhyncha ancae, is new. All the Palearctic species (except M. ezoensis Okada) are described and illustrated, and new distributional data is given. Asindulum brevimanum Loew var. hispanicum Strobl. is raised to species, and A. brevimanum transfered to Antlemon Haliday, while new synonymies and combinations are established. The systematic changes resulting from this paper are: — New species: Macrorrhyncha ancae. — New status and comb.: Macrorrhyncha hispanica (Strobl.). — New comb.: Macrorrhyncha brevisrostre (Lundst.), collarti (Toll.), ezoensis (Okada), geranias (Loew), intermedia (Tarwid), italica (Costa), rostrata (Zett.) and Antlemon brevimanum (Loew). — New syn.: Asindulum femorale (Meigen) = A. nigrum Latr. Macrorrhyncha collarti (Tollet) = M. flava Winn. Macrorrhyncha intermedia (Tarwid) = M. rostrata (Zett.). The female of Asindulum theodori Mat. is described, and the status of M. brevirostre (Lundst.) is discussed.
Introduction a une Révision des Piesma Paléarctiques Étude du Matériel-Type; Établissement de Diverses Synonymies et de Nouveaux Regroupements [Hemiptera Piesmatidae]Heiss, E.; Péricart, J.
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278549pmid: N/A
Summary E. Heiss et J. Péricart: Introduction to a revision of palaearctic representatives of the genus Piesma [Hemiptera, Piesmatidae]. Examination of typical material. Propositions for new arrangements and new synonymies. This paper is devoted to a review of the typical material, including old synonyms, for the palaearctic representatives of the genus Piesma; lectotypes, paralectotypes and neotypes are designated when necessary. New synonyms are proposed: Piesma anticum sensu Fieber (nee Stephens) is rearranged as a synonym of capitatum (Wolff) instead of maculatum (Laporte); Piesma ellipticum Wagner is not a good species, only a new synonym of pupulum(Puton). The type of Piesma convexicolle (Jakovlev) has been recognised as an abnormal specimen of brachypter P. quadratum and therefore synonymised with the latter; Piesma rotundicolle (Rey) Wagner and Piesma suaedae Wagner are not good species, but synonyms of quadratum. Piesma atriplicis (Frey-Gessner), considered up to now as a synonym of kolenatii (Fieber), is raised to the subsp. rank. Other taxa are treated as subspp instead of spp: Piesma spergulariae Woodroffe is considered as a subsp. of quadratum (Fieber); Piesma rotundatum Horváth sensu nov. is reduced to the rank of subsp. of kolenatii (Fieber). The most important rearrangement concerns the group of Piesma kolenatii(Fieber). This group is regarded as formed by only one sp., giving two main geographical subspp. i.e. kolenatii atriplicis (Frey-Gessner) spreaded in the South-East Europe, including south-Russia, and kolenatii rotundatum Horváth, broadly dispersed West to East in the south mediterranean basin; the nominal form of kolenatii, according to the type, appears restricted to Caucasus.
Études Écologiques sur la Faune Culicidienne d'Une Relique Forestière en Zone de Savane Africaine: Deuxième PartieGayral, Ph.; Pichon, G.; Hamon, J.
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278551pmid: N/A
Summary PH. Gayral, G. Pichon, J. Hamon: Ecological studies on the mosquitos of a relictual forest in the west african savana. II. Mosquitos of a relictual forest in the west african savanna have been classified and their population studied by catches with light traps, ovitraps, and by 72 hours catches on human bait. Biology of the principal species is described with seasonal variations and 24 hours biting cycle. Anopheles nili is the most important nocturnal anthropophilic species, with biting activity lower when the moon is bright. Mansonia africana and M. uniformis are present through out the entire dry season. Among anthropophilic Aedes., A. africanus, A. luteocephalus, A. jamoti, A. cumminsi are the most abundant. Southern species occuring in the forest seem to be at the northern limit of their distribution: Ae. dendrophilus, An. obscurus, An. paludis. In the relic forest, some species may be active longer than in savanna and can even live through the dry season as adults. First generations hatch there earlier. This forest appears to be a refuge for savanna species. The contact between fauna of savanna culicide and those of the forest and the prolongation of activity or survival of certain females through dry season permit the conclusion that such a vegetal formation may be important in the epidemiology of mosquito borne diseases in west african savanna.
Effets de Bacillus Thuringiensis sur Pimpla Instigator (Ichneumonidae — Pimplinae)Biache, G.
doi: 10.1080/21686351.1975.12278553pmid: N/A
Summary G. Biache: Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on Pimpla instigator (Ichneumonidae Pimplinae]. Studies carried out in laboratory on Bacillus thuringiensis action on Pimpla instigator F. show the determinism of sex in fonction to the pupa weight, according with Dzierzon's theory for pupa low weight. The same is not observed for pupae of heavy weight, like Pieris brassicae, where the host weight has not effect on the sex of the descendants of Pimpla female. In adults of P. instigator fed with food treated with B. thuringiensis sporescrystals we do not observe any change in the longevity, in the laying of eggs and in the fecundity. Nevertheless the addition of chemical insecticides to the food, even on low doses, cause a quick mortality. Pupae resulting from surviving caterpillars treated with B. thuringiensis spores crystals, are the host able to ensure the development of P. instigator larvae.