Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90029-6pmid: N/A

Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90028-4pmid: N/A

Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Thomson,, K.D.B.

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90001-6pmid: N/A

Summary Sleeping sickness, despite the steady decline in cases diagnosed, is in a highly active state. Frequent outbreaks are associated with a variety of circumstances:- population overspill into unfarmed land; migration of infected people eastwards from the Benue zone; redistribution of habitations along roads; vegetation regrowth in previously cleared areas; man-made transmission points; and factors unknown. Control of the disease needs careful tailoring to each circumstance—and enough cloth. Tsetse may be difficult to control, but modern man can be a determined rover, fickle of fancy, and we dare not risk blunting the weapon of pentamidine prophylaxis—which alone protects the minefield labourers of Jema'a and Wamba—by use on mobile or unenthusiastic populations. Some outbreaks respond well to medical surveys and treatment alone, others but slowly to the most intensive efforts of medical and entomological control teams; in some cases the part played by each is difficult to determine. Large-scale tsetse eradication efforts in the far north give early promise of success in a vast fertile area; elsewhere fly control problems have often still to be solved, and the large trypanosome reservoir of the Tiv shows in the meantime little sign of upsurge or of drying up. The slow eastward extension of this zone along the Benue, and along new roads further south, has been closely watched, treated, and for the present controlled; but quite incontinently, 2 outbreaks to the north-east have now spotted our maps, extending the known limits of human trypanosomiasis and throwing down the gauntlet to our surveillance system. The need for fundamental research on the use of insecticides against Glossina, and on the detection of low fly densities, is as urgent as ever. For the present we can improve the diagnosis of the different stages of sleeping sickness, in order that treatment with existing drugs can be more favourably manipulated to reduce the incidence of relapses; selected staff have shown good promise of being able to achieve this, and have shown a most intelligent response to the need for more selective surveys. Schistosomiasis is so common that we need not fear its increased prevalence in local people near irrigation schemes, and so mild in manifestation that we do not certainly know whether it is much to be feared at all. Reports of severe visceral damage in East Africa, with as little clinical effect as in Nigeria, are watched with growing wonder, while we try to detect any rise in mean S. mansoni egg output at Bacita—regretting the inconstancy of worms in their relationships with man. Ancylostomiasis is another common infection which is not a proved cause of mass morbidity in most of Northern Nigeria. Meningitis morbidity is easily measurable in terms of death, which comes to a minority probably of about 11% of sufferers; little else can be certain about the majority of cases notified from rural areas during non-epidemic periods, especially, when the meningococcus is responsible for only a minority of properly diagnosed hospital cases. In between major outbreaks, meningitis seems now to persist at a higher level than formerly, and its behaviour is less predictable. Of the Mass Campaigns, malaria control shows no immediate prospect of proceeding to eradication but it is probably achieving a significant effect on health; the leprosy campaign probably embraces about half the sufferers in the Region—and in certain areas a much higher proportion; and yaws, after 12 years of constant endeavour by the major part of the medical field units, appears to have been brought to the verge of extinction. Circumscribed outbreaks of two unidentified diseases, each with a high mortality, are described. References Archibald, 1962 Archibald H.M. . , J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1962 , vol. 65 pg. 196 PubMed Bell, 1963 Bell D.R. . , Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. , 1963 , vol. 29 pg. 525 Brown, 1938 Brown A.A.F. . , J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1938 , vol. 41 pg. 200 Budden, 1956 Budden F.H. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1956 , vol. 50 pg. 366 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Butler et al., 1957 Butler G.C. , Duggan A.J. , Hutchinson M.P. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1957 , vol. 51 pg. 69 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Butter, 1963 Butter M. . , Northern Nigeria Rural Health Report 1963 , 1963 pg. 120 Quoted in Crosskey, 1956 Crosskey R.W. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1956 , vol. 50 pg. 379 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Doyle, 1960 Doyle V.T.B. . , N. Nig. Med. Serv. Newsletter , 1960 , vol. 56 pg. 1 Duggan, 1962 Duggan A.J. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1962 , vol. 56 pg. 439 Crossref Search ADS Duggan and Hutchinson, 1951 Duggan A.J. , Hutchinson M.P. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1951 , vol. 44 pg. 535 Crossref Search ADS PubMed McLetchie and McLetchie, 1953 McLetchie J.L. . , W. Afr. med. J. , 1953 , vol. 2 pg. 70 n.s. McLetchie J.L. . , W. Afr. med. J. , 1953 , vol. 2 pg. 138 n.s. Perkins, 1963 Perkins D.J.B. . , Northern Nigerian Rural Health Report , 1963 pg. 100 1963 This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90002-8pmid: N/A

References Montgomery and Budden, 1947 Montgomery THL , Budden FH . , Trans R Soc trop Med Hyg , 1947 , vol. 41 pg. 327 References Crossref Search ADS PubMed Dalziel, 1920 Dalziel JM . Gold command paper No. 6 of 1920 , 1920 Google Scholar Senecal et al., 1957 Senecal J , Dupin H , Charpentier P . , Bull Méd. de. l'A.O.F. , 1957 , vol. 2 pg. 241 Willet, 1965 Willet KC . , Trans R Soc trop Med Hyg , 1965 , vol. 59 pg. 374 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Vickerman,, K.;Cox,, F.E.G.

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90003-Xpmid: N/A

Summary A study of merozoite formation in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium vinckei, with both light and electron microscopes, has indicated that the cycle in the red cell has 3 successive phases: 1. Several nuclear divisions (usually 3), without cytoplasmic cleavage to produce a true “plasmodium” or syncytium with 8 nuclei. 2. The formation of cytoplasmic protrusions by the plasmodium: each nucleus of the plasmodoum then migrates into one of these protrusions. 3. The nucleated protrusions become detached as merozoites leaving a residual body in which pigment granules are segregated. References Aikawa, 1966 Aikawa M. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1966 , vol. 15 pg. 449 Aikawa et al., 1966 Aikawa M. , Hepler P.K. , Huff C.G. , Sprinz H. . , J. cell Biol. , 1966 , vol. 28 pg. 355 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Aikawa et al., 1966 Aikawa M. , Huff C.G. , Sprinz H. . , Milit. Med. , 1966 , vol. 131 pg. 969 (suppl.) Cox and Vickerman, 1963 Cox F.E.G. , Vickerman K. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1963 , vol. 57 pg. 238 Crossref Search ADS Cox and Vickerman, 1966 Cox F.E.G. , Vickerman K. . , Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. , 1966 , vol. 60 pg. 293 Crossref Search ADS Cox and Voller, 1966 Cox F.E.G. , Voller A. . , Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. , 1966 , vol. 60 pg. 297 Crossref Search ADS Duncan et al., 1959 Duncan D. , Street J. , Julian S.R. , Michs D.O. . , Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. , 1959 , vol. 17 pg. 314 PubMed Fletcher and Maegraith, 1962 Fletcher K.A. , Maegraith B.G. . , Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. , 1962 , vol. 56 pg. 492 Crossref Search ADS Fulton and Flewett, 1956 Fulton J.D. , Flewett T.H. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1956 , vol. 50 pg. 150 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Garnham et al., 1961 Garnham P.C.C. , Bird R.G. , Baker J.R. , Bray R.S. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1961 , vol. 55 pg. 98 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Garnham et al., 1963 Garnham P.C.C. , Bird R.G. , Baker J.R. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1963 , vol. 57 pg. 27 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Hepler et al., 1966 Hepler P.K. , Huff C.G. , Sprinz H. . , J. cell. Biol. , 1966 , vol. 30 pg. 333 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Honigberg et al., 1964 Honigberg B.M. , Balamuth W. , Bovee E.C. , Corliss J.O. , Godjics M. , Hall R.P. , Kudo R.R. , Levine N.D. , Loeblich A.R. , Weiser J. , Wenrich D.H. . , J. Protozool. , 1964 , vol. 11 pg. 7 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Jerusalem and Heinen, 1965 Jerusalem C. , Heinen U. . , Z. tropenmed. Parasit. , 1965 , vol. 16 pg. 377 Ladda et al., 1966 Ladda R. , Arnold J. , Martin D. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1966 , vol. 60 pg. 369 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Ladda et al., 1965 Ladda R. , Arnold J. , Martin D. , Luehrs F. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1965 , vol. 59 pg. 420 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Peters et al., 1965 Peters W. , Fletcher K.A. , Staubli W. . , Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. , 1965 , vol. 59 pg. 126 Crossref Search ADS Ristic and Kreier, 1964 Ristic M. , Kreier J.P. . , J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1964 , vol. 67 pg. 509 Robertson, 1959 Robertson J.D. . , Biochem. Soc. Symp. , 1959 , vol. 16 pg. 3 Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text Google Scholar Google Preview WorldCat COPAC Rodhain, 1952 Rodhain J. . , Ann. Soc. belge Méd. trop. , 1952 , vol. 32 pg. 275 Rudzinska et al., 1960 Rudzinska M.A. , Bray R.S. , Trager W. . , J. Protozool. , 1960 , vol. 7 pg. 24 (suppl.) Rudzinska and Trager, 1957 Rudzinska M.A. , Trager W. . , J. Protozool. , 1957 , vol. 4 pg. 190 Crossref Search ADS Rudzinska and Trager, 1959 Rudzinska M.A. , Trager W. . , J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. , 1959 , vol. 6 pg. 103 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Rudzinska and Trager, 1961 Rudzinska M.A. , Trager W. . , J. Protozool. , 1961 , vol. 8 pg. 307 Crossref Search ADS Rudzinska et al., 1963 Rudzinska M.A. , Trager W. , Bray R.S. . , Prov. XVI Int. Congr. Zool., Washington, D.C. , 1963 , vol. 4 pg. 204 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Rudzinska et al., 1963 Rudzinska M.A. , Trager W. , Bray R.S. . , Proc. 7th Congr. trop. Med. Malar. , 1963 Rio de J. pg. 428 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Rudzinska et al., 1965 Rudzinska M.A. , Trager W. , Bray R.S. . , J. Protozool. , 1965 , vol. 12 pg. 563 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Scholtyseck, 1965 Scholtyseck E. . , Z. ParasitKde. , 1965 , vol. 26 pg. 50 Scholtyseck and Piekarski, 1965 Scholtyseck E. , Piekarski G. . , Z. ParasitKde. , 1965 , vol. 26 pg. 91 Crossref Search ADS This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Giglioli,, George;Dyrting, Age, E.;Rutten, Frans, J.;Gentle,, G.H.K.

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90004-1pmid: N/A

Summary Photo-allergic dermatitis appeared in the course of a chloroquinized salt anti-malaria campaign (1961–1965), conducted in the least accessible parts of the interior of Guyana, over an area of 42,000 square miles and a population of 48,500. This paper, deals with the study of 161 cases. This dermatitis was identical with that described in the course of high dose, long term, daily chloroquine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. The disease disappeared with the conclusion of the campaign (December 1965). During 1966, 2 cases were seen in subjects who were still using chloroquinized salt from hoards accumulated from free issues during 1965. References Alving et al., 1948 Alving A.S. , Eichelberger L. , Craige B. Jr. , Jones R. Jr. , Wharton C.M. , Pullman T.N. . , J. clin. Invest. , 1948 , vol. 27 pg. 60 Suppl. Crossref Search ADS Bagnall, 1957 Bagnall A.W. . , Can. med. Ass. J. , 1957 , vol. 77 pg. 182 Bagnall, 1958 Bagnall A.W. . Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine , A five-year study of continuous therapy , 1958 Exhibit submitted at the meeting of the American Medical Association in San Francisco—1958 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Barnes, 1955 Barnes H.D. . , S. Afr. med. J. , 1955 , vol. 29 pg. 781 PubMed * Clyde, D. F. (1964). W.H.O./Mal./433. (unpublished). Craige et al., 1948 Craige B. Jr. , Merrill C. , Wharton R.J. Jr. , Pullman T.N. , Alving A.S. , Eichelberger L. , Rothman S. . , J. clin. Invest. , 1948 , vol. 27 pg. 56 Suppl. Crossref Search ADS Cripps and Curtis, 1962 Cripps D.C. , Curtis A.C. . , Arch. Derm. , 1962 , vol. 86 pg. 515 Crossref Search ADS Dall and Keane, 1959 Dall J.L.C. , Keane J.A. . , Brit. med. J. , 1959 , vol. 1 pg. 1387 Crossref Search ADS Daniels, 1965 Daniels F. . , Med. Clin. N. Am. , 1965 , vol. 49 pg. 565 Crossref Search ADS Eales, 1960 Eales L. . , S. Afr. J. lab. clin. Med. , 1960 , vol. 6 pg. 63 PubMed Eales, 1963 Eales L. . , S. Afr. J. lab. clin. Med. , 1963 , vol. 9 pg. 151 Embree, 1961 Embree P.W. . , Cent. Afr. J. Med. , 1961 , vol. 7 pg. 450 PubMed Ford, 1965 Ford E.J.H. . Hepatogenous light sensitisation in animals , The Comparative Physiology and Pathology of the Skin , 1965 Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publications pg. 351 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC * Giglioli, G., Rutten, F. J. & Ramjattan, S. Malaria Eradication Campaign with Chloroquinized Salt, in Guyana. Epidemiological observations on a chloroquine resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum on the Brazil-Guyana border. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. (in press). Goldman and Preston, 1957 Goldman L. , Preston R.H. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1957 , vol. 6 pg. 654 Grupper, 1957 Grupper C. . , Pr. Méd. , 1957 , vol. 65 pg. 1281 Gyllensward, 1961 Gyllensward A. . , Svenska Lärkartidn. , 1961 , vol. 58 pg. 1719 N. McE. et al., 1961 Lamont N.McE. , Hathorn M. , Joubert S.M. . , Quart. J. Med. , 1961 , vol. 38 pg. 373 Levy et al., 1957 Levy E.J. , Cahn M.M. , Shaffer B. . , J. invest. Derm. , 1957 , vol. 88 pg. 96 Marsden, 1959 Marsden C. . , Brit. J. Derm. , 1959 , vol. 71 pg. 219 Crossref Search ADS Muewissen, 1963 Muewissen J.H.E.T. . , Malariabestrijding met gemedicineerd zout op Westerlijk New Guinea , 1963 , vol. XIV Nijmegnen Drukkerij Gabr. Janssen N. V., Netherlands pg. 195 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Rees and Maibach, 1963 Rees R.B. , Maibach H.I. . , Archs. Derm. , 1963 , vol. 88 pg. 282 Crossref Search ADS Sharville, 1955 Sharville D.E. . , Brit. med. J. , 1955 , vol. 1 pg. 1035 Crossref Search ADS Sweeney et al., 1962 Sweeney G.D. , Levey M. , Dowdle E.B. , Eales L. . , S. Afr. med. J. , 1962 , vol. 36 pg. 312 Sweeney et al., 1965 Sweeney G.D. , Saunders S.J. , Dowdle E.B. , Eales L. . , Brit. med. J. , 1965 , vol. 1 pg. 1281 Crossref Search ADS Yvonneau and Feldman, 1965 Yvonneau M. , Feldman N. . , Pr. Méd. , 1965 , vol. 73 pg. 705 * World Health Organisation. Chemotherapy of Malaria. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 226. Waterlow, 1945 Waterlow J. . Nutritional Survey of the Akawaio Indians of the Upper Mazaruni River , 1945 Unpublished report Google Scholar Zabal and Nietzki, 1962 Zabal H. , Nietzki M. . , Excerpta Med. , 1962 , vol. 16 pg. 108 Sect. 13 This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Martin, Daniel, C.;Arnold, John, D.

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90005-3pmid: N/A

Summary An East African strain of P. falciparum was obtained from a child in Kampala, Uganda. It proved to be very responsive to all antimalarials tested. Chloroquine 0·45 g. base and quinine 2·5 g. base given over 5 days, each produced radical cure. A review of responsiveness of strains of P. falciparum used for infection of volunteers is presented. The data on the response of P. falciparum strains from different world areas indicate that sensitivity to chloroquine and quinine are closely related. References Alving et al., 1948 Alving A.S. , Craige B. , Pullman T.N. , Whorton C.M. , Jones R. , Eichelberger L. . , J. clin. Invest. , 1948 , vol. 27 pg. 2 Crossref Search ADS Berliner et al., 1948 Berliner R.W. , Earle D.P. , Taggart J.V. , Zubrod C.G. , Welch W.J. , Connan N.J. , Bauman E. , Scudder S.T. , Shannon J.A. . , J. clin. Invest. , 1948 , vol. 27 pg. 98 Crossref Search ADS Boyd, 1940 Boyd M.F. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1940 , vol. 20 pg. 69 Burgess and Young, 1959 Burgess R.W. , Young M.D. . , Bull. Wld Hlth Org. , 1959 , vol. 20 pg. 37 Coatney and Young, 1941 Coatney G.R. , Young M.D. . , Symposium on Human Malaria , 1941 Lancaster, Pa Science Press pg. 19 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Covell and Nicol, 1951 Covell G. , Nicol W.D. . , Brit. med. Bull. , 1951 , vol. 8 pg. 51 Covell et al., 1949 Covell G. , Nicol W.D. , Shute P.G. , Maryon M. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1949 , vol. 42 pg. 465 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Earle et al., 1948 Earle D.P. , Berliner R.W. , Taggert J.V. , Zubrod C.G. , Welch W.J. , Wise N.B. , Chalmers T.C. , Grief R.L. , Shannon J.A. . , J. clin. Invest. , 1948 , vol. 27 pg. 75 Crossref Search ADS Earle et al., 1948 Earle D.P. , Berliner R.W. , Taggert J.V. , Zubrod C.G. , Welch W.J. , Bigelow F.S. , Kennedy T.J. , Shannon J.A. . , J. clin. Invest. , 1948 , vol. 27 pg. 130 Crossref Search ADS Earle and Perez, 1932 Earle W.C. , Perez M. . , J. Lab. clin. Med. , 1932 , vol. 17 pg. 1124 Eyles and Young, 1951 Eyles D.E. , Young M.D. . , J. nat. Malar. Soc. , 1951 , vol. 10 pg. 327 Fairley, 1946 Fairley N.H. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1946 , vol. 40 pg. 105 Crossref Search ADS PubMed James, 1932 James S.P. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1932 , vol. 26 pg. 105 James et al., 1932 James S.P. , Nicol J.W. , Shute P.G. . , Proc. R. Soc. Med. , 1932 , vol. 25 pg. 1153 Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text Google Preview WorldCat COPAC James et al., 1936 James S.P. , Nicol J.W. , Shute P.G. . , Proc. R. Soc. Med. , 1936 , vol. 20 pg. 879 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Jeffery, 1960 Jeffery G.M. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1960 , vol. 9 pg. 315 Jeffery et al., 1956 Jeffery G.M. , Young M.D. , Eyles D.E. . , Amer. J. Hyg. , 1956 , vol. 64 pg. 1 Jeffery and Eyles, 1954 Jeffery G.M. , Eyles D.E. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1954 , vol. 3 pg. 219 Kitchen, 1941 Kitchen S.F. . , Symposium on Human Malaria , 1941 Lancaster, Pa Science Press pg. 41 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Ladda et al., 1966 Ladda R. , Arnold J. , Martin D. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1966 , vol. 60 pg. 369 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Montgomery and Eyles, 1963 Montgomery R. , Eyles D.E. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1963 , vol. 57 pg. 409 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Moore and Lanier, 1961 Moore D.V. , Lanier J.E. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1961 , vol. 10 pg. 5 Mosna, 1938 Mosna E. . , Riv. Parassit. , 1938 , vol. 2 pg. 275 Powell et al., 1964 Powell R.D. , Brewer G.J. , Alving A.S. . , Bull. Wld Hlth Org. , 1964 , vol. 30 pg. 29 * Powell, R. D., Brewer, G. J., & Alving, A. S. (1963). WHO/Mal. 402. (Unpublished). Shute, 1946 Shute P.G. . , Brit. Med. J. , 1946 , vol. 2 pg. 966 Crossref Search ADS Thompson et al., 1965 Thompson P.E. , Bayles A. , Olsjewski B. , Waitz J.A. . , Science , 1965 , vol. 148 pg. 1240 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Walker, 1965 Walker A.J. . , Report of the Screening Center in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil , 1965 Advisory Comm. on Malaria Eradication Pan American Health Organization WHO Scientific Group, 1965 WHO Scientific Group . , WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. , 1965 pg. 296 Wilcox and Logan, 1941 Wilcox A. , Logan L. . , Symposium on Human Malaria , 1941 Lancaster, Pa Science Press pg. 47 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Young and Moore, 1961 Young M.D. , Moore D.V. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1961 , vol. 10 pg. 317 Young et al., 1943 Young M.D. , McLendon S.B. , Smarr R. . , J. Amer. med. Ass. , 1943 , vol. 122 pg. 492 Crossref Search ADS This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes Supported by U.S. Army Contract No. DA-49-193-MD from the U.S. Army Research and Development Command, Office of the Surgeon General. This paper is contribution No. 73 from the Army Research Program on Malaria. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Cahill,, K.M.;Mazzoni,, P.L.;Aden,, Hassan

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90006-5pmid: N/A

Summary A leishmanin skin test survey in the Giohar province of Somalia supports a recent report that kala-azar is endemic in this area. References Baruffa, 1965 Baruffa G. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1965 , vol. 59 pg. 705 Crossref Search ADS Cahill, 1964 Cahill K. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1964 , vol. 13 pg. 794 Cahill, 1965 Cahill K. . , E. Afr. med. J. , 1965 , vol. 42 pg. 213 Cahill et al., 1965 Cahill K. , Sayed Omer A. , El Mubarak A. . , J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1965 , vol. 68 pg. 151 Cahill et al., 1965 Cahill K. , Anderson G. , Turegun N. . , Bull. Wld Hlth Org. , 1965 , vol. 32 pg. 121 * Cahill, K. & Kagan, I. The Pattern of Disease In Interior Somalia (in preparation). Cahill et al., 1966 Cahill K. , Davies J. , Johnson R. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1966 , vol. 15 pg. 52 Lewis, 1961 Lewis I. . A Pastoral Democracy , 1961 Google Scholar Manson-Bahr, 1961 Manson-Bahr P.E.C. . , E. Afr. med. J. , 1961 , vol. 38 pg. 165 Manson-Bahr et al., 1959 Manson-Bahr P.E.C. , Heisch R. , Garnham P.C.C. . , Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1959 , vol. 53 pg. 380 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Stauber, 1963 Stauber L. . , Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 1963 , vol. 113 pg. 409 Crossref Search ADS PubMed VanPeenen and Dietlein, 1963 VanPeenen P. , Dietlein D. . , J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1963 , vol. 66 pg. 171 PubMed This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes We wish to acknowledge the assistance of the Ministries of Health and Foreign Affairs of the Somali Republic, the cooperation of the directors of the Societa Nazionale Agricola Industriale in Giohar, Somalia, and the contribution of the Huisking Foundation in making this survey possible. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Cook,, Ian;Scott,, W.;Campbell,, R.W.

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90007-7pmid: N/A

Summary 81 strains of at least 8 infective agents were isolated from the tissues of 583 animals from North Queensland. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was isolated from 28 mammals of 6 species—Isoodon macrourus, Rattus fuscipes, R. conatus, Uromys caudimaculatus, Melomys cervinipes and M. lutillus, and was the commonest organism encountered. The strains varied in virulence. Coxiella burneti was isolated from 12 mammals of 5 species, 4 being not previously described hosts—R. assimilis, U. caudimaculatus, M. cervinipes and Perameles nasuta. Brucella suis type 3 was isolated from 3 species of rodents captured in one area—R. fuscipes, M. cervinipes and M. lutillus. This is the first record of Brucella infection from rodents in Australia. Encephalomyocarditis virus was isolated from R. rattus. Eperythrozoon coccoides was isolated from R. fuscipes, R. conatus and M. cervinipes; Haemobartonella muris from R. rattus and R. conatus; Streptobacillus moniliformis from R. rattus, R. fuscipes and R. conatus, and Spirillum minus from R. rattus and M. cervinipes. No infective agents were isolated from 108 pools of ticks. References Andrew et al., 1946 Andrew R. , Bonnin J.M. , Williams S. . , Med. J. Aust. , 1946 , vol. 2 pg. 153 Audy, 1961 Audy J.R. . May J.M. . , Studies in Disease Ecology , 1961 New York Hafner Ch. 12 Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Barrow et al., 1963 Barrow G.J. , Domrow R. , Derrick E.H. . , Aust. Ann. Med. , 1963 , vol. 12 pg. 166 Battey et al., 1964 Battey Y.M. , Smith D.J.W. , Barrow G.J. . , J. Hyg., Camb. , 1964 , vol. 62 pg. 485 Crossref Search ADS Blake et al., 1945 Blake F.G. , Maxcy K.F. , Sadusk J.F. , Kohls G.M. , Bell E.J. . , Amer. J. Hyg. , 1945 , vol. 41 pg. 243 Breed et al., 1957 Breed R.S. , Murray E.D.G. , Smith N.R. . Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , 1957 7th Ed. Google Scholar Carley et al., 1955 Carley J.G. , Doherty R.L. , Derrick E.H. , Pope J.H. , Emanuel M.L. , Ross C.J. . , Aust. Ann. Med. , 1955 , vol. 4 pg. 91 Cook, 1963 Cook I. . , Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. , 1963 , vol. 41 pg. 651 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Cook et al., 1966 Cook I. , Campbell R.W. , Barrow G. . , Aust. vet. J. , 1966 , vol. 42 pg. 5 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Derrick, 1961 Derrick E.H. . , Aust. Ann. Med. , 1961 , vol. 10 pg. 256 Derrick and Pope, 1960 Derrick E.H. , Pope J.H. . , Med. J. Aust. , 1960 , vol. 2 pg. 924 Derrick et al., 1954 Derrick E.H. , Pope J.H. , Chong S.K. , Carley J.G. , Lee P.E. . , Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. , 1954 , vol. 32 pg. 577 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Derrick and Smith, 1940 Derrick E.H. , Smith D.J.W. . , Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. , 1940 , vol. 18 pg. 99 Crossref Search ADS Derrick et al., 1940 Derrick E.H. , Smith D.J.W. , Brown H.E. . , Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. , 1940 , vol. 18 pg. 409 Crossref Search ADS Doherty, 1956 Doherty R.L. . , Med. J. Aust. , 1956 , vol. 2 pg. 212 Domrow, 1962 Domrow R. . , Aust. J. Zool. , 1962 , vol. 10 pg. 268 Crossref Search ADS Domrow, 1967 Domrow R. . , Aust. J. Zool. , 1967 , vol. 17 Harrison, 1962 Harrison J.L. . , Aust. J. Zool. , 1962 , vol. 10 pg. 45 Crossref Search ADS Heaslip, 1941 Heaslip W.G. . , Med. J. Aust. , 1941 , vol. 1 pg. 380 Horner and Taylor, 1965 Horner B.E. , Taylor J.M. . , CSIRO Wildl. Res. , 1965 , vol. 10 pg. 101 Crossref Search ADS Hubert and Baker, 1963 Hubert A.A. , Baker H.J. . , Amer. J. Hyg. , 1963 , vol. 78 pg. 131 Kohls et al., 1945 Kohls G.M. , Armbrust C.A. , Irons E.N. , Philip C.B. . , Amer. J. Hyg. , 1945 , vol. 41 pg. 374 Pope, 1959 Pope J.H. . , Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. , 1959 , vol. 37 pg. 117 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Pope and Carley, 1956 Pope J.H. , Carley J.G. . , Aust. J. Sci. , 1956 , vol. 19 pg. 114 Pope and Scott, 1960 Pope J.H. , Scott W. . , Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci. , 1960 , vol. 38 pg. 447 Crossref Search ADS PubMed Southcott, 1947 Southcott R.V. . , Med. J. Aust. , 1947 , vol. 2 pg. 441 PubMed This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Rausch,, R.L.;Scott,, E.M.;Rausch,, V.R.

doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(67)90008-9pmid: N/A

Summary An investigation of a possible relationship between Diphyllobothrium (fish tapeworm) infection and microcytic anaemia among Eskimos was carried out during 1957–1958 at the village of Hooper Bay in western Alaska. Such infections did not contribute to anaemia in residents of this region, a finding in agreement with those of Tötterman 1947 in Finland. Species of diphyllobothriid cestodes recorded from the lower Kuskokwim River region are listed, and other helminths recorded from man in this area are briefly discussed. Schistocephalus solidus (Mueller 1776) is reported from man, apparently for the first time. References Asami et al., 1965 Asami K. , Watanuki T. , Sakai H. , Imano H. , Okamoto R. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1965 , vol. 14 pg. 119 Babbott et al., 1961 Babbott F.L. Jr. , Frye W.W. , Gordon J.E. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1961 , vol. 10 pg. 185 Deliamure, 1955 Deliamure S.L. . Gel'mintofauna morskikh mlekopitaiushchikh v svete ikh ekologii i filogenii , 1955 Moscow Akad. Nauk SSSR pg. 517 Google Scholar Dubinina, 1959 Dubinina M.N. . , Zool. Zhur. , 1959 , vol. 38 pg. 1498 Fournelle et al., 1958 Fournelle H.J. , Wallace I.L. , Rader V. . , Amer. J. Publ. Hlth , 1958 , vol. 48 pg. 1489 Crossref Search ADS Heller and Scott, 1967 Heller C.A. , Scott E.M. . , Alaska Dietary Survey , 1967 Washington, D.C U.S. Govt. Printing Office Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Hitchcock, 1950 Hitchcock D.J. . , J. Parasit. , 1950 , vol. 36 pg. 232 Crossref Search ADS Hitchcock, 1951 Hitchcock D.J. . , J. Parasit. , 1951 , vol. 37 pg. 309 Crossref Search ADS Nyberg, 1952 Nyberg W. . , Acta Med. scand. , 1952 , vol. 144 pg. 271 Suppl. Nyberg, 1963 Nyberg W. . , Proc. nutr. Soc. , 1963 , vol. 22 pg. 8 Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed Google Preview WorldCat COPAC Rausch, 1953 Rausch R.L. . , Ecology , 1953 , vol. 34 pg. 584 Crossref Search ADS Rausch, 1956 Rausch R.L. . , Trans. Amer. micros. Soc. , 1956 , vol. 75 pg. 180 Crossref Search ADS Rothschild, 1939 Rothschild M. . , Novit. Zool. , 1939 , vol. 41 pg. 178 Sapero and Lawless, 1953 Sapero J.J. , Lawless D.K. . , Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. , 1953 , vol. 2 pg. 613 Scott et al., 1955 Scott E.M. , Wright R.C. , Hanan B.T. . , J. Nutr. , 1955 , vol. 55 pg. 137 PubMed Scott and Heller, 1964 Scott E.M. , Heller C.A. . , Amer. J. clin. Nutr. , 1964 , vol. 15 pg. 282 Tötterman, 1947 Tötterman G. . , Ann. Med. intern. Fenn. , 1947 , vol. 36 pg. 185 PubMed van Thiel, 1962 van Thiel P.H. . , Parasitology , 1962 , vol. 52 pg. 16 von Bonsdorff, 1956 von Bonsdorff B. . , Exp. Parasit. , 1956 , vol. 5 pg. 207 Crossref Search ADS Zhukov, 1963 Zhukov E.V. . , Parazit. Sb. , 1963 , vol. 21 pg. 96 This content is only available as a PDF. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene