Radiology

Bulte, Jeff W. M.

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11111636pmid: 21931135

Science to Practice: Can Theranostic Fullerenes Be Used to Treat Brain Tumors? Jeff W. M. Bulte , PhD Department of Radiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave Baltimore, MD 21205 Address correspondence to the author (e-mail: [email protected] ). Summary: In an orthotopic brain tumor mouse model, it was shown that convection-enhanced intratumoral delivery of a theranostic metallofullerene (f-Gd 3 N@C 80 ) labeled with lutetium 177 ( 177 Lu) and tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA) ( 177 Lu-DOTA-f-Gd 3 N@C 80 ) increases median survival from 21 to 52 days, with a prolonged metallofullerene tumor retention that can be visualized with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The Setting Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain tumor with poor prognosis; patients with newly diagnosed GBM exhibit a 1-year median survival when treated with conventional surgical resection and/or standard radiation therapy and chemotherapy ( 1 ). Alternative treatments offering a better outcome are desperately needed. In this issue of Radiology , Shultz et al ( 2 ) describe the use of a theranostic metallofullerene for convection-enhanced delivery (CED)–based treatment and imaging of gliomas. By bypassing the blood-brain barrier and exhibiting negligible systemic toxicity, this new form of brachytherapy appears promising—especially when combined with MR imaging for serial assessment of the biodistribution of the agent. The Science Nanotubes and fullerenes ( 3 ) are two allotropes of carbon that are being investigated for their use as potential carriers for therapeutic drug and MR imaging contrast agents ( 4 , 5 … (Full Text of this Article)

Thorwarth, William T.

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11114020pmid: 21931136

Congratulations to the 2011 Editorial Fellows William T. Thorwarth, Jr , MD and RSNA Board Liaison for Publications and Communications From the Radiological Society of North America, 820 Jorie Blvd, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Address correspondence to Marian Strassner (e-mail: [email protected] ). The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) is pleased to announce that John A. Carrino, MD, MPH, has been awarded the 2011 RSNA William R. Eyler Editorial Fellowship, and Tara Ann Morgan, MD, the 2011 RSNA Editorial Fellowship for Trainees. Both fellows will work closely with RadioGraphics editor William W. Olmsted, MD, in Bethesda, Md, RadioGraphics Editor-designate Jeffrey S. Klein MD, in Burlington, Vt, and Radiology editor Herbert Y. Kressel, MD, in Boston, Mass. Dr Carrino will join the editors for 1 month, and Dr Morgan will join them for 1 week. The fellows will also visit the RSNA Publications and Public Information departments at RSNA Headquarters in Oak Brook, Ill. During the final week of his fellowship, Dr Carrino will work with the RSNA editorial team at the 2011 RSNA Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting in Chicago, Ill. John A. Carrino, MD, MPH RSNA William R. Eyler Editorial Fellowship: John A. Carrino, MD, MPH John A. Carrino, MD, MPH, is an associate professor of radiology and orthopedic surgery and section chief for musculoskeletal radiology at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. Dr Carrino serves on the editorial board of Arthritis and Rheumatism as an Advisory … (Full Text of this Article)

Amis, E. Stephen

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11111319pmid: 21931137

CT Radiation Dose: Trending in the Right Direction E. Stephen Amis, Jr. , MD From the Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467. Address correspondence to the author (e-mail: [email protected] ). There is no marker, histologic or otherwise, that identifies a cancer as being radiation induced as opposed to arising de novo. Yet increased cancer risk, as a stochastic effect of exposure to ionizing radiation, is universally accepted primarily on the basis of long-term studies of survivors of the atomic bombing of Japan. Estimations of these cancer risks are derived from modeling of data generated by examining surviving victims who were at varying distances from the epicenter of the blast and who were exposed to whole-body doses of both particulate and electromagnetic ionizing radiation. Given that computed tomography (CT) involves the controlled exposure of limited areas of the body to x-radiation alone, there are many uncertainties in generalizing the data from Japan to cancer risk related to imaging in the U.S. population. The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII report ( 1 ), which was based largely on data in Japanese atomic bombing survivors but also took into account some of the potential inaccuracies, has become the accepted reference for assigning cancer risk in individuals of all ages and both sexes who are exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. The work by Brenner and colleagues ( 2 ) published in this issue of Radiology expands on the BEIR VII data by adding a new clinical postulate in assessing cancer risk; namely, the impact of reduced patient life expectancy as it relates to the risk of developing lung cancer due to CT examinations. The method used was further statistical modeling of risk. Unsurprisingly, given the latency period of 10–40 years for the development of radiation-induced cancers, patients with already decreased life expectancy were found to have quantifiably decreased lung cancer risks attributable to the CT scanning they underwent for diagnosing and managing their disease. In this study, the decreased longevity was secondary to either … (Full Text of this Article)

Hall, Ferris M.

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11110865pmid: 21931138

Celebrating the Achievements of Women Radiologists and Physicians Ferris M. Hall , MD From the Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215. Address correspondence to the author (e-mail: [email protected] ). When Herb Kressel, MD, became editor of Radiology , he asked me to write a series of Perspectives articles. Perspectives are viewpoints or overviews, are usually based on personal experiences, and often prophesy about the future. Ideally, they relate to a subject of broad importance or interest, are thought provoking, and are perhaps controversial. Surprisingly, or perhaps not so surprisingly, finding appropriate subject matter ( 1 , 2 ) has been more difficult than the writing. This Perspectives article highlights and celebrates a major change in radiology during my career: the increased number of women radiologists in the United States. I believe this change is underappreciated by the radiology community for several reasons: Because attention has been primarily directed at the more global increase in the number of all women physicians ( 3 – 5 ), who during the 1990s constituted 50% of U.S. medical school graduates; because the percentage of women physicians in our specialty is smaller than that in most other medical specialties ( 6 – 15 ); and because major developments in radiology over the past decades have justifiably centered on new modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, rather than on who was interpreting these studies. Much has been written about sex reallocation and equality in the general workplace ( 16 – 19 ), but the extent and ramifications of these changes are nowhere more apparent than in medicine. Some readers might find it presumptuous for a man to be writing on this topic, with women having authored many eloquent and informative treatises on the subject ( 20 – 23 ). Indeed, I am discomfited, and had I realized the extent of the literature on the subject of women in the workforce, in medicine, and in radiology, I would not have attempted to write this. However, my half century in medicine, including time as … (Full Text of this Article)

Darge, Kassa; Anupindi, Sudha A.; Jaramillo, Diego

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11101922pmid: 21931139

Recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have profoundly changed the investigation of abdominal and pelvic disease in pediatrics. Motion reduction techniques, such periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction, or PROPELLER, have resulted in reliable imaging with quiet breathing. Faster imaging sequences minimize artifact and allow for more efficient studies. Diffusion-weighted imaging has become increasingly important in the evaluation of neoplastic disease, depicting disease with increased cellularity and helping to differentiate benign from malignant masses. MR enterography helps visualize intra- and extraluminal bowel pathologic conditions. MR cholangiopancreatography can depict congenital and acquired causes of pancreatic and biliary abnormalities. MR urography is an effective technique for a one-stop-shop evaluation of structural urinary tract abnormality and renal function. Three-dimensional acquisitions allow volumetric display of structures from multiple angles. Specialized techniques allow quantification of iron and fat in the viscera in children with hemolytic anemia and obesity, respectively. This article covers current techniques and strategies to perform and optimize MR imaging of the abdomen and pelvis in infants, children, and adolescents and describes important practical applications. Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11101922/-/DC1

Terezakis, Stephanie A.; Heron, Dwight E.; Lavigne, Ruth F.; Diehn, Maximilian; Loo, Billy W.

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11101688pmid: 21931140

Substantial technologic advances in radiation treatment planning and delivery have made possible exquisite tailoring of three-dimensional radiation dose distributions that conform to the tumor treatment volume while avoiding adjacent normal tissues. Although such highly precise treatment can increase the therapeutic ratio, it also introduces the potential that tumor extension outside the target is missed because it is unrecognized at the time of radiation treatment planning. As a result, accurate targeting of the tumor with radiation is of utmost importance to the radiation oncologist. Communication between diagnostic radiologists and radiation oncologists is essential, particularly given the subtleties that accompany image interpretation, to optimize the care of the cancer patient.

Hoeks, Caroline M. A.; Barentsz, Jelle O.; Hambrock, Thomas; Yakar, Derya; Somford, Diederik M.; Heijmink, Stijn W. T. P. J.; Scheenen, Tom W. J.; Vos, Pieter C.; Huisman, Henkjan; van Oort, Inge M.; Witjes, J. Alfred; Heerschap, Arend; Fütterer, Jurgen J.

Anthony A. Mancuso ; William N. Hanafee

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11114022pmid: N/A

Head and Neck Radiology, Vols 1 and 2 Anthony A. Mancuso , and William N. Hanafee Philadelphia, Pa : Wolters Kluwer Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins , 2011 . ISBN 978-1-60547-715-2 . Hardcover, $499.00; pp 1096. In this first edition, Drs Mancuso and Hanafee present a hybrid print and electronic text, with the goal of transferring not only information, but also wisdom and judgment based on over 30 years of the practice of modern head and neck diagnostic imaging. The book consists of an electronic-only portion containing core material and a two-volume clinical applications print portion, which is organized anatomically. The print portion is intended to be able to act as … (Full Text of this Article)

Bruce J. Hillman ; Jeff C. Goldsmith

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11114023pmid: N/A

The Sorcerer’s Apprentice: How Medical Imaging Is Changing Health Care Bruce J. Hillman , and Jeff C. Goldsmith New York, NY : Oxford University Press , 2010 . ISBN 978-0-19-538696-7 . Hardcover, $39.95; pp 250. The Sorcerer’s Apprentice is a perfectly chosen metaphor that expresses the quintessence of this book. The book traces the rise of radiology and the rapid technological development that contributed to radiology’s place as an indispensable part of everyday clinical practice. The accretion of possibilities, costs, fears, and dangers is discussed from a critical perspective. This book is intended for lay readers, as well as doctors and other medical professionals in health … (Full Text of this Article)

David M. Yousem ; Robert D. Zimmerman ; Robert I. Grossman

doi: 10.1148/radiol.11114024pmid: N/A

Neuroradiology: The Requisites, 3rd ed David M. Yousem . Robert D. Zimmerman , and Robert I. Grossman Philadelphia, Pa : Mosby , 2010 . ISBN 978-0-323-04521-6 . Hardcover, $99.95; pp 619; 724 figures. The third edition of Neuroradiology: The Requisites has been extensively revised from the second edition. There are numerous new and updated images. Advanced imaging techniques, such as perfusion imaging and spectroscopy, are discussed in greater detail than previously. The book has fewer pages than the previous edition, partially due to the smaller font size. There are 18 chapters, as in the prior edition. Chapters 1 and 2 cover Techniques in … (Full Text of this Article)