The Quarterly Journal of Economics

Bullock, Charles J.

doi: 10.2307/1883381pmid: N/A

Summary I. Introductory: need of a program, 357. — II. Experience with loans and taxes during War of 1812, 359; Mexican War, 360; Civil War, 361; Spanish War, 364. Experience of Great Britain and Germany during the present war, 364. — III. Both loans and taxes should be resorted to, 366. — Suggestions concerning war taxation, 367. — Loans should not take the form of transferable certificates, 370. — Redeemable bonds, tempting to investors, desirable, 371. — IV. Need of remodelling the income tax, 373. — Resort to the method of information at the source, 374. — Difficulties arising from tax-exempt bonds, 376. — Desirability and feasibility of dispensing with them, 377. — Readjustment of rates of income tax, 378. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Taussig, F. W.

doi: 10.2307/1883382pmid: N/A

Summary I. An assumed case of large foreign borrowing by a paper money country, 381. — Consequences on the rates of foreign exchange, 382. — A digression: present conditions in Germany and Europe abnormal, and little pertinent to this discussion, 384. — Effects under ordinary conditions on the prices of exported and imported goods, 386. — A transition stage; is there a bounty on exports? 388. — II. Ultimate effects, as they would be if both countries were on the gold basis, 391. — In what way, in such case, international lending may lead directly to increased exports of merchandise, 392. — But increased exports are usually the indirect consequence of gold movements, 394. — Resulting changes in relative wages and prices, 395. — No such mechanism, however, in case of depreciated paper, 396. — An analogous result, yet a different one, through the movement of goods, 397. — III. Difficulty of verifying this analysis through inductive inquiry, 400. — Partial verification of a confirmatory character not impossible, 402. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Hammond, M. B.

doi: 10.2307/1883383pmid: N/A

Summary Introduction: the New Zealand system not what it was intended to be, 405. — I. A court of arbitration, unlike a board of conciliation, must follow guiding principles, 407. — The New Zealand judges hesitate to state principles, 407. — Early cases, 407. — II. Existing conditions and prosperity of the industries the basis for several years, 409. — Yet a general tendency to raise wages, 415. — Cost of living little considered, 416. — III. As time went on, more emphasis on cost of living, 417. — Statistics until 1907 inconclusive, 420. — Fragmentary evidence not accepted, 422. — Informal statements by the Court of the principles followed, 426. — IV. Beginning in 1912, higher wages awarded to common laborers, 428. — A policy on minimum wages announced, 431. — V. Index numbers of prices published in 1911–14, 434. — Wages advanced as much as cost of living, 438. — VI. Change of personnel in 1913 but no change of policy, 439. — Lowest-paid workers granted some increase, 442. — No regard paid to great advance in cost of living in 1914–15, 443. — VII. Conclusion, 445. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Fairchild, Henry Pratt

doi: 10.2307/1883384pmid: N/A

Summary Noteworthy provisions, other than the literacy test, in the act of 1917, 448. — The literacy test itself significant of a change in public opinion, 449. — The earlier acts aimed at selection only, 451. — The literacy test a measure of restriction, 452. — The bill of 1897, vetoed by President Cleveland, 453. — Speaker Cannon's successful manoeuvers against a similar bill in 1906, 455. — President Taft's veto of 1913, 456. — President Wilson's veto of 1915, 459. — The act of 1917 finally passed over the veto, 459. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Gardner,, Hamilton

doi: 10.2307/1883385pmid: N/A

Summary Introduction: importance of coöperation in the early economic history of Utah, 461. — I. Associative enterprises in colonization, 463. — Mormon colonization policy, 463. — Coöperative building of irrigation systems, 466. — Division of the irrigation water acquired, 468. — Other kinds of concerted community effort, 472. — II. Coöperative stores; causes leading up to their establishment, 473. — Zion's Coöperative Mercantile Institution, 475. — The smaller retail stores, 489. — III. Industrial coöperation. Woolen mills, 490. — The beet sugar industry, 490. — Consolidated Wagon and Machine Company, 493. — Beneficial Life Insurance Company, 494. — Hotel Utah, 495. — IV. Present status, 498. 1 " The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation for the kindness of Mr. John Graham Brooks, who has made numerous helpful suggestions concerning this article. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Barker, Walter S.

doi: 10.2307/1883386pmid: N/A

Summary The old culture and the new, 500. — The two groups of products, 501. — European fiber culture, 504. — Modern flaxseed farming, 504.— Pulling and rippling fiber, 506. — Harvesting flaxseed, 507. — Preparing fiber; retting, scutching, 508. — Attempts to apply machinery to fiber production, 514. — Machinery applied to flaxseed farming, 519. — Migrations of the flaxseed crop, 521. — Attempts to establish fiber production in the United States, 523. — A comparison of productive agencies, 524. — The reasons for separate production of fiber and seed, 525. — The principle of comparative advantage, 526. 1 The writer has gathered much of his matter from observation and investigation prompted by the use of one of the flax products in manufacturing. The case of flax was clearly set forth twenty-eight years ago by Professor F. W. Taussig in “Some Aspects of the Tariff Question,” vol. iii of this Journal. I am indebted to him for helpful criticism of this paper. Reference is made to the following books and papers: J. G. Wilkinson, Manners and Customs of Ancient Egyptians; F. Eellar, Lake Dwellings of Switzerland and Europe; A. J. Warden, The Linen Trade; A. S. Moore, linen; E. A. Whitman, Flax Culture; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Fiber Investigation Reports; H. L. Bolley, Flax Bulletins, North Dakota Agricultural College; Flax Culture, Bulletin 274 U. S. Department of Agriculture. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Willis, H. Parker

doi: 10.2307/1883387pmid: N/A

1 Modern Currency Reforms: A history and description of recent currency reforms in India, Porto Rico, Philippine Islands, Straits Settlements and Mexico, by Edwin Walter Kemmerer, Ph.D., New York City. The Macmillan Company, New York, 564 pages + xxi. Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

Hammond, M. B.

doi: 10.2307/1883388pmid: N/A

1 Mediation, Investigation and Arbitration in Industrial Disputes. By George E. Barnett and David A. McCabe. New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1916, pp. 209. Industrial Arbitration: A World-Wide Survey of Natural and Political Agencies for Social Justice and Industrial Peace. By Carl H. Mote. Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1916, pp. 321 + xlv. Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

doi: 10.1093/qje/31.3.544pmid: N/A

Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright, 1916–17, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College