The Tariff Debate of 1909 and the New Tariff ActTaussig, F. W.
doi: 10.2307/1886056pmid: N/A
Summary The “true principle,” of equalizing cost of production, virtually new in 1908, 2. — Its fallaciousness, 2. — High wages and cost of production, 4. — Significance of the “true principle” as a concession to the demand for revision, 5. — Character of the debate of 1909, 7. — Crass protectionism, 9. — The Bill before the Ways and Means Committee, 11. — German comments pigeonholed, 13. — Action of the House, 15. — Situation in the Senate; log-rolling brings advances in duty, 16. — Conference Committee settles details, 18. — Duty on hides abolished, 19. — Duties on lumber and iron reduced, 21. — Iron and steel duties lowered, 24. — Shoes and leather, 25. — Advances on cotton goods, hosiery, silks, 27. — Economic characteristics of these industries, 31. — Insignificant changes on wool and woollens, 31, and on sugar, 33. — Sugar from the Philippines free, 34. — Advances on petty items, “jokers,” 35. — Maximum and minimum provisions, 36. — Conclusion 38. This content is only available as a PDF.
American Shoemakers, 1648–1895 A Sketch of Industrial EvolutionCommons, John, R.
doi: 10.2307/1886057pmid: N/A
Summary Industrial stages illustrated by the shoemakers, 39. — I. The Company of Shoomakers, 1648 (Boston). Itinerant cobbler and craft gild, 40. — II. The Society of Master Cordwainers, 1789, and the Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 1794 (Philadelphia). Retailshop and wholesale-order stages, 45. — III. The United Beneficial Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 1835 (Philadelphia). Wholesale-speculative stage, 59. Economic causes of class organization; the bargain, 65; the period of investment, 67; the level of the competitive menace, 68; protective organizations, 69. — IV. Knights of St. Crispin, 1868, 72. The factory system, 73. — V. Industrial Evolution in Europe and America. Organization and legislation for protection, 76. 1 In the collection of material for this article I have been aided by the American Bureau of Industrial Research and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. This content is only available as a PDF.
The Insurance of Bank Deposits in the WestCooke, Thornton
doi: 10.2307/1886058pmid: N/A
Summary The movement, a result of the panic of 1907, 86. — Provisions of the Oklahoma law, 88. — National banks unable to participate in the guaranty, many become state banks, 90. — Rapid increase in the deposits of state banks, 94. — The guaranty of deposits generally favored by the people outside the larger cities, 103. — Political aspects of the question, 103. — More strict banking laws have in every instance accompanied the adoption of the guaranty or insurance of deposits, 106. This content is only available as a PDF.
Technical Development in Cotton Manufacturing Since 1860Copeland, Melvin, T.
doi: 10.2307/1886059pmid: N/A
Summary Outline of the manufacturing process, 110. — Improvements in the various departments since 1860, 112. — I. Preliminary processes: opening, picking, carding, and drawing, 112. — Relative importance of contributions by American and by English inventors, 120. — II. Ring spinning and mule spinning compared, 121. — Reasons why former predominates in United States and the latter in Great Britain, 129. — III. Preparation of warp yarn, 133. — Spooling, 133. — Warping, 134. — And Sizing, 136. — IV. Weaving, 140. — Plain looms, 143. Automatic looms, 144. — Comparison with methods of weaving in Europe, 147. — V. Variety of methods and machines for finishing the cloth, 152. — Bleaching, 152. — Printing, 153. — Dyeing, 153. — Mercerizing, 156. — Finishing, 157. — Significance of the improvements in the machinery and processes for manufacturing cotton cloth during the last fifty years, 158. 1 The material for this paper has been obtained through visits to a number of cotton mills, and from interviews and correspondence with cotton manufacturers and machine manufacturers. In addition many works of a more or less technical character have been consulted. For tracing the history of the different machines the Transactions of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association, later the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers, have been especially useful. The following are the other more important works of which use has been made. Cyclopedia of Textile Work, Chicago, 1907. This gives a detailed description of the machinery and methods used in the various branches of the textile industry. G. O. Draper, Textile Texts. 2nd edition, Hopedale, 1903. This descriptive catalogue, issued by the Draper Company, describes fully the machines which they manufacture, and in many cases traces their history. T. M. Young, American Cotton Industry. Manchester, 1902. Mr. Young, an Englishman, here presents the results of a trip of observation through the larger mill centers of the United States. Comparisons are frequently made between English and American methods. W. Whittam, Jr., Report on England's Cotton Industry. Washington, 1908. As a special agent of the United States Government, Mr. Whittam made a careful investigation of the English cotton industry, the results of which are embodied in this report. W. A. G. Clarke, Cotton Fabrics in Middle Europe. Washington, 1908. This is a similar report of another government agent, on cotton manufacturing in Germany, Italy, and Austria. Enquete sur l'Etat de l'Industrie Textile. Paris, 1905. This is the report of a government commission. It is concerned primarily with the investigation of labor conditions in the French textile industries, but in the evidence are found occasional references to machinery and methods. S. H. Higgins, Dyeing in Germany and America. Manchester, 1907. The author of this book personally inspected various dyeing plants in Germany and America. This content is only available as a PDF.
Workmen's Insurance in Germany: Some Illustrative FiguresF. W. T., F. W. T.
doi: 10.2307/1886061pmid: N/A
1 Dr. R. F. Foerster of Harvard University has called my attention to two discussions of this subject which may prove of aid to those who have occasion to follow it. One is an article by Fabrikdirektor Greissl, in the Jahrbuch für Gesetzgebung, 1899, giving figures for a single year, chiefly as to brewing establishments. The other, more brief, by F. Somary, in the Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Sozialpolitik and Verwaltung (Vienna), 1906, gives one lump figure to show, by industries for one year, the amount of the employers' contributions to the three insurances. Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF.
A CorrectionLandry, A.
doi: 10.2307/1886063pmid: N/A
Abstract The circumstances under which my article “On the Return of Productive Agents” was published, in the last issue of this Journal, caused a disconcerting error in the text, to which I beg to call the attention of the reader who may be interested. On page 583, the equation does not correspond to the text. The equation which expresses my thought is . This content is only available as a PDF.