Psychological Bulletin

PARTON, DAVID A.; ROSS, ALAN O.

doi: 10.1037/h0024506pmid: 6047172

COMMENTS ARE MADE ON CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ADVANCED BY H. W. STEVENSON AND K. T. HILL (SEE 40:12). A RECENT FINDING IS CITED WHICH INDICATES THAT RATE CHANGE SCORES REFLECT SYSTEMATIC VARIANCE UNRELATED TO SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT.

HERSHENSON, MAURICE

doi: 10.1037/h0024519pmid: 6047173

4 SCHEMES REPRESENTING THE FLOW OF INFORMATION FROM STIMULUS THROUGH SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL SYSTEMS TO RESPONSE ARE PROPOSED IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEPTUAL POTENTIALITIES AND ABILITIES OF THE NEWBORN HUMAN BEING. THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE NEWBORN IS PROVIDED AT LEAST SOME SENSORY CAPACITIES WITH WHICH TO SYNTHESIZE A PERCEPTUAL WORLD. SUGGESTIONS ARE OFFERED TO FACILITATE THE STUDY OF THE NEWBORN'S ABILITY TO PERCEIVE FORM. (2 P. REF.)

KIMMEL, H. D.

doi: 10.1037/h0024494pmid: 4860041

RECENT EVIDENCE ON THE QUESTION OF WHETHER AUTONOMICALLY MEDIATED RESPONSES CAN BE CONDITIONED BY INSTRUMENTAL METHODS IS SUMMARIZED AND INTERPRETED TO PROVIDE TENTATIVE SUPPORT FOR AN AFFIRMATIVE ANSWER. STUDIES HAVE BEEN DONE ON HEART RATE, VASOMOTOR REFLEX, SALIVATION, INTESTINAL CONTRACTIONS, AND THE GSR, AND METHODS USED HAVE RANGED FROM OPERANT REWARD TRAINING TO INSTRUMENTAL AVOIDANCE TRAINING. METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS DUE TO CONFOUNDING ASSOCIATED WITH THE YOKED CONTROL DESIGN AND MEDIATION BY SOMATICALLY INNERVATED RESPONSES ARE DISCUSSED AND RELEVANT EVIDENCE PRESENTED. (29 REF.)

GOLDSTEIN, MYMON

doi: 10.1037/h0024479pmid: 6047174

THE METHOD DESCRIBED LIMITS RUN LENGTHS AND SYSTEMATIC PATTERNS OF ALTERNATION AND DOUBLE ALTERNATION.

ROKEACH, MILTON

doi: 10.1037/h0024534pmid: 6047175

ON THE BASIS OF CONSIDERATIONS AND DATA PRESENTED HERE IT IS CONCLUDED THAT D. PEABODY'S (SEE 40:3) DATA DO NOT SUPPORT HIS CONCLUSION THAT AUTHORITARIANISM SCALES ARE AMBIGUOUS. MORE GENERALLY, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE RESPONSE-BIAS INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS OBTAINED WITH AUTHORITARIANISM SCALES CANNOT BE RECONCILED WITH NUMEROUS SUBSTANTIVE FINDINGS, PARTICULARLY THOSE SHOWING THAT THE F SCALE IS A MEASURE OF RIGHT AUTHORITARIANISM WHILE THE DOGMATISM SCALE IS A MEASURE OF GENERAL AUTHORITARIANISM. (23 REF.)

ROSENTHAL, ROBERT

doi: 10.1037/h0024529pmid: 6047176

UNINTENDED, COVERT COMMUNICATION BY E TO S APPEARS TO BE THE NORM IN PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS. SUCH COMMUNICATION CAN (1) AFFECT S'S RESPONSE TO THE EXPERIMENTAL TASK, AND (2) BE PARTIALLY PREDICTED FROM A KNOWLEDGE OF VARIOUS E ATTRIBUTES. THE NATURE OF E'S UNINTENDED MESSAGES CAN BE AFFECTED BY (1) E'S EXPERIENCE AS E, (2) THE BEHAVIOR OF HIS S, (3) THE PHYSICAL SCENE IN WHICH E CONDUCTS HIS RESEARCH, AND (4) E'S PERCEPTION OF AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR. ONE PARTICULAR TYPE OF UNINTENDED COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS WHEREBY E COVERTLY INFLUENCES S TO RESPOND IN ACCORDANCE WITH E'S HYPOTHESIS OR EXPECTATIONS. SUCH UNINTENDED FULFILLMENTS OF INTERPERSONAL PROPHECIES HAVE ALSO BEEN FOUND BEYOND THE E-S DYAD, AS WHEN SCHOOL CHILDREN SHOW SIGNIFICANT IQ GAINS SIMPLY BY VIRTUE OF THEIR TEACHERS' EXPECTATIONS THAT SUCH GAINS WILL BE MADE. (2 P. REF.)

PROKASY, WILLIAM F.

doi: 10.1037/h0024497pmid: 6047177

THE THEORY THAT DRIVE AND HABIT MULTIPLY TO DETERMINE PERFORMANCE IMPLIES MUCH BEYOND THE PREDICTION THAT HIGH DRIVE YIELDS GREATER PERFORMANCE THAN LOW DRIVE IN HUMAN CONDITIONING. ADDITIONAL IMPLICATIONS INCLUDE DIVERGENCE BETWEEN GROUPS ACROSS TRIALS AND SOME INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCE PREDICTIONS AS A FUNCTION OF DRIVE BOTH IN SIMPLE AND DIFFERENTIAL CONDITIONING. A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE REVEALS A GENERAL FAILURE TO OBTAIN INTERNAL CONSISTENCY, I.E., FAILURE TO SUPPORT MULTIPLE PREDICTIONS WITHIN A SINGLE EXPERIMENTAL SETTING. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS OBSERVATION ARE DISCUSSED. (24 REF.)

Linn, Robert L.

doi: 10.1037/h0020420pmid: 6047178

Comments on the original article by R. M. Dawes and P. E. Meehl which considered mixed group validation. In the current article, a basic assumption of mixed group validation is questioned and a means of checking the validity of the assumption is suggested.