Psychological Bulletin

Stevens, S. S.

doi: 10.1037/h0044251pmid: 13567963

The problems of psychophysics primarily involve scale construction. Each of the 5 types of scaling problems are outlined, i.e., the determination of nominal scales, ordinal scales, interval scales, logarithmic interval scales, and ratio scales, along with a description of the methodology appropriate to each problem. The applications of psychophysical methodology to problems of practical utility are briefly described.

Inglis, James

doi: 10.1037/h0042353pmid: 13567964

"An attempt has been made to review the experimental literature to date on intellectual and learning impairment in elderly psychiatric patients. Certain consistent relationships emerge from these studies indicative of possible links between learning ability and that differential cognitive impairment which is to be found in at least the early stages of senile deterioration. The neuropsychological theory propounded by Hebb seems to provide a convenient conceptual framework for the relations so far established." 83-item bibliography.

Tinker, Miles A.

doi: 10.1037/h0041228pmid: 13567965

Grouping the studies under the general topic headings of techniques of measurement, analysis of the reading process, training to improve eye movements, typography and eye movements, and eye movements and fatigue the author reviews the relevant research literature which has appeared since January, 1945. In general there has been a dimunition of interest in this area. However, there has appeared a large amount of work on visual fixation, speed of eye movements, reaction time of the eye, oculomotor efficiency, and vision during eye movements. There is a need for more basic research. 72-item bibliography.

Brown, Daniel G.

doi: 10.1037/h0039862pmid: 13567966

As early as the second year of life youngsters make distinctions between masculine and feminine behavior. Generally the research literature indicates that from kindergarten through the fourth grade boys have a stronger preference for the masculine role than girls have for the feminine role. In fact between 60 and 70% of the girls in the first 4 grades express a preference for the masculine role. The implications of these research findings as they fit into Freudian theory, Adlerian theory, or a social-psychological type theory are discussed. There is a need for more research on sex-role development in such cultures as Japan and Germany where the feminine sex role is changing so rapidly. 35 references.

Jackson, Douglas N.; Messick, Samuel

doi: 10.1037/h0045996pmid: 13567967

"It has been suggested that stylistic determinants, such as acquiescence, over-generalization, and a tendency to respond in a socially undesirable manner, as distinct from specific content, account for a large proportion of response variance on some personality scales, particularly the California F scale, the MMPI, and the California Psychological Inventory. Research involving response style may contribute to a more systematic measurement in personality and may pay off handsomely in helping to further the common ground between personality theory and personality assessment." 60 references.

Cattell, Raymond B.

doi: 10.1037/h0043232pmid: 13567968

In reviewing the relevant research literature on a specific topic too many investigators include only those studies which are univariate in design to the exclusion of multivariate (correlational) studies. In addition to not presenting a complete coverage of the pertinent research literature, very frequently it happens that these neglected multivariate studies have already answered the question proposed for analysis in a univariate design.