Psychological Bulletin

Murdock, Bennet B.

doi: 10.1037/h0045180pmid: 13465925

This paper includes a comprehensive analysis of the several experimental designs available for the study of transfer of training. The discussion is restricted to the experimental designs and formulae that are appropriate in 2 types of transfer studies––verbal transfer, and predifferentiation, not including motor transfer. The uses and misuses of the various designs and transfer formulae are presented. 78 references.

Sagara, Moriji; Oyama, Tadasu

doi: 10.1037/h0048995pmid: 13465926

"Many experimental studies on figural aftereffects in Japan were reviewed under several topics. Gibson's "curved line'; Kohler and Wallach's "size' effect; "displacement' effect and "field strength'; temporal factors; some other spatial factors; luminance; contrast, illuminance, and color; and some related experiments. Concerning some typical experimental situations, the effects of spatial and temporal variables were analyzed quantitatively, and some mathematical functions to relate these variables to the amount of after-effects were examined." Several additional factors and experiments are discussed. 64 references.

Arnoult, Malcolm D.

doi: 10.1037/h0046653pmid: 13465927

A survey of the research literature concerned with stimulus predifferentiation reveals sufficient agreement to permit generalizable conclusions in 2 broad areas: kind of verbal pretraining given, and the amount of such training. The adequacy of several theoretical interpretations of sensory predifferentiation are discussed. 38 references.

Kimmel, Herbert D.

doi: 10.1037/h0046737pmid: 13465928

The following criteria are proposed as temporary guideposts for the use of one-tailed tests: "1. Use a one-tailed test when a difference in the unpredicted direction, while possible, would be psychologically meaningless . . . . 2. Use a one-tailed test when results in the unpredicted direction will, under no conditions, be used to determine a course of behavior different in any way from that determined by no difference at all . . . . 3. Use a one-tailed test when a directional hypothesis is deducible from psychological theory but results in the opposite direction are not deducible from coexisting psychological theory."

Kleitman, Nathaniel

doi: 10.1037/h0045813pmid: 13465929

This paper presents an analysis of some of the major issues concerning the evolutionary theory of sleep and wakefulness proposed by the writer some 2 decades ago. A discussion of the current controversy over the research literature in this area is included. 16 references.

Ellingson, Robert J.

doi: 10.1037/h0047844pmid: N/A

A brief answer to comments made by Kleitman on the issues involved in research on wakefulness and consciousness.

McNemar, Quinn

doi: 10.1037/h0047736pmid: 13465930

The power of Wilson's proposed chi-square test for testing n-way analysis of variance designs is very low in comparison with the F test. Several illustrative problems are presented.