Psychological Bulletin

Murphy, G.

doi: 10.1037/h0060274pmid: N/A

Murphy is concerned with the utilization of intelligence to the maximum of its capacity. He discusses applied psychology, autism, socially shared autisms, curiosity, relaxation, and the need for help from applied psychology. We must hope that the curiosity of psychologists "into human nature will be so unbounded, and so free, that despite later specialization they will always remain genuinely curious about everything that human nature has to offer."

Hilgard, E. R.

doi: 10.1037/h0059122pmid: N/A

This report is concerned with the preferences indicated for divisional organization by American psychologists responding to the ballots entitled Survey of Opinion on the By-Laws Proposed for a Reorganized American Psychological Association The 3,680 usable ballots returned are analyzed, with a breakdown into primary and other choices for divisions including preferences expressed for divisions not named on the ballot.

Carlson, H. B.; Fischer, R. P.; Young, P. T.

doi: 10.1037/h0063013pmid: N/A

A new-type examination with short-answer questions upon the main topics of elementary psychology was used as a pretest and a final examination with a group of 118 students at the University of Illinois. During the course, these students were given the Otis test of mental ability (Gamma test: form Am). The data were analyzed by correlation techniques. The value of r (on error scores) between pretest and posttest was .504; between pretest and Otis, .556; and between posttest and Otis, .429. The problem of nonintellectual factors in improvement on the test is discussed.

McGehee, F.

doi: 10.1037/h0056612pmid: N/A

An outline is presented of a course dealing with psychology as applied to occupational therapy, which was offered at the University of Illinois in the fall of 1943.

,

doi: 10.1037/h0059400pmid: N/A

The development of the Aviation Psychology Program in the AAF Training Command since an earlier report in 1943 (see ^W18:^n 1497) is treated, consisting largely of a report of the activities of the Psychological Section, Medical Division, Headquarters, AAF Training Command. The report is made under the following headings: mission of the section; organization and personnel; supervision of classification testing and processing; maintenance of basic data; development and validation of devices for predicting aircrew success; application of the classification test battery to other groups; training research problems; special research studies; publications; and prospectus.

Anderson, John E.

doi: 10.1037/h0052807pmid: N/A

Notes about awards and recognition for Walter V. Bingham. Bingham was awarded the Execeptional Civilian Service Award for meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service. The thorough and efficient manner in which he performed his duties gained recognition throughout the entire War Department and the Army. Also noted, George A. Works will succeed Leonard Carmichael as director of the national roster.

Anderson, John E.

doi: 10.1037/h0053211pmid: N/A

This is a review of the book "Personality and the Behavior Disorders. A Handbook Based on Experimental and Clinical Research" by J. McV. Hunt (Ed.) . Psychologists interested in the abnormal and pathological domain will acclaim this Handbook as evidence of the enormous development of that specialty. A glance at the elaborate coverage of topics with ample bibliographies, at least one running to well over 500 items, reveals a growing concern with deviant persons and their actions. Even though the editor intended that the work should deal with personality and its development as well as with abnormalities the primary emphasis is placed on pathology-a telling evidence of the expansion of the abnormal field. In the first place, the editor has not achieved his desire for a Handbook so far as concerns Personality. The inadequate coverage of theory and fact pertaining to normal individuals may perhaps be accounted for by his belief that psychoanalysis has been one of the dominant influences in personality study. The critical reader may conclude that these volumes do not adequately mirror the psychological situation in the abnormal field and that despite their excellent features they do not satisfy the basic Personality Handbook requirements. Nevertheless he cannot escape the conviction that this is a worth-while and useful work.

Anderson, John E.

doi: 10.1037/h0052316pmid: N/A

This is a review of the book "Encyclopedia of Child Guidance" by Ralph B. Winn . This volume, printed in small type, two columns to a page, is the work of 74 listed authors representing a wide variety of backgrounds, professional activities, and geographical locations. The table of contents lists 215 topics, many of which have sub-headings in the text discussions. The topics range from Ability, Acceleration, Acceptance, through Mooseheart System, Motivation, Music, to Vocational Guidance, War Effects, and Wishful Thinking. It is reassuring to the reader that practically all the discussions are signed. It is this reviewer's judgment that the individual articles represent a generally high quality of concise statement for the obviously restricted space. For a volume which includes so many inter-related and over-lapping topics discussed by different persons, the editor and the contributors have achieved a consistency in point of view beyond one's reasonable expectation. In all probability the book will be of most use to undergraduate students for topical orientation.

Anderson, John E.

doi: 10.1037/h0052863pmid: N/A

This is a review of the book "Love Against Hate" by Karl Menninger . It is the thesis of Love Against Hate to show how the aggression-instinct is commonly fostered through frustration of the love-instinct and to indicate measures for counteracting the luxuriant growth of hatred in the world. Frustrated parents frustrate the love-impulses of their children in mostly unconscious ways, thereby making for later frustrated adult men who in turn frustrate their wives and for later frustrated adult women who in turn frustrate their husbands, their children and other women. Probably that which in this book impresses most the reviewer is the somewhat tardily achieved rapprochement of the new psychoanalytic love-therapy with the Pauline gospel of charitas, the Adlerian doctrine of Gemeinschaftsgefuhl and Kerschensteiner's Sozialpadagogie.

Anderson, John E.

doi: 10.1037/h0050851pmid: N/A

This is a review of the book "Teaching the Child to Read" by Guy L. Bond, and Eva Bond . Few, if any, of the many books which have been written on the teaching of reading, offer such a definite program which utilizes the results of research and recognizes and understands the needs of children as this new book by the Bonds. Although written for the classroom teacher, the mode of presentation is so simple and concise and the sequence is so logical, that it lends itself readily for use as a handbook by the clinician. This reviewer is of the opinion that the authors have succeeded admirably in contributing a concrete and definite program for teaching the child to read and including, without confusing the reader, many understandings about child nature and child behavior which, though not technically a part of the reading act, must be recognized and directed if the child is to become an able reader. Paradoxically, this concreteness and definiteness of program also provokes the book's chief criticism. In providing what amounts to a step-by-step recipe for teaching reading, it invites abuse or misuse by the non-professional who would attempt to teach reading without a real understanding of underlying physical, mental, social, and emotional processes. It would have been helpful if the authors had also included suggestions on methods of meeting the impatience of parents and supervisors who bring pressure for immediate and tangible results, a problem in human relations for both the teacher and clinician.