Psychological Bulletin

Chase, H. W.

doi: 10.1037/h0074832pmid: N/A

Reviews the use of the word "consciousness' in the work of 14 authors (1915-1916). While some of these authors retain the term, others deny the existence of a gulf between the physical and the mental. Consciousness has been distinguished from its contents. Other issues which have been discussed in literature are, motor theories of consciousness, self-consciousness in animals, and the subconscious. Jung's contributions to the subject have also been discussed.

Toll, C. H.

doi: 10.1037/h0074775pmid: N/A

Reviews the views of 19 authors (1915-1916) on the need for introspective methods in psychology and on the method of introspection. Most authors have argued against the use of the method; however, a few have suggested that it could be useful if supplemented with other methods. The actual use of the method was found to be very frequent. Definitions and methods of computation have also been discussed in literature.

Franz, Sheperd I.

doi: 10.1037/h0073270pmid: N/A

Reviews bibliographies published by six authors in the years 1915-1916. The bibliographies pertain both to general topics, such as, psychotherapy, child study and philosophy, as well as to more specific ones, such as, rhythm.

Seashore, C. E.

doi: 10.1037/h0071097pmid: N/A

Describes five laboratory instruments devised in the year 1915. These are: (1) for measuring high tones (2) for obtaining graphic records of voices (3) for measuring high frequencies of vibrations (4) for projecting small spots of light and (5) a myosthenometer.

Langfeld, Herbert Sidney

doi: 10.1037/h0070918pmid: N/A

Reviews nine psychology books. These include textbooks, descriptions of experiments, and books on topics such as, movement and imagery, intellect, relaxation and the psychology and aesthetics of moving pictures.

Franz, Sheperd I.

doi: 10.1037/h0067091pmid: N/A

Reviews the book "Psychology of Relaxation" by G. T. W. Patrick . The author has brought together a series of studies on the psychology of play, laughter, profanity, alcohol and war. Four of these have appeared in various periodicals in a somewhat different form. The essay on laughter, the introduction, which points out the need and timeliness of a consideration of these topics in existing social conditions, and the conclusion, which deals with suggestions of reform, are new.

Berry, Charles Scott

doi: 10.1037/h0072271pmid: N/A

Tests the hypothesis that smoking adversely affects the ability to add. One adult S added 1500 figures a day, on 20 different days. On half the days the additions were done after smoking a cigar, while on the other half they were done without smoking. Contrary to expectations, smoking decreased the time required to add the figures. The effects of smoking were more marked than those of practice. The average number of errors also decreased after smoking. The results of this experiment were in contrast to those obtained by other experimenters (Lombard; Harley; Bush). This difference has been attributed to the method of conducting the experiment, the time when the test was conducted and its duration.

Thurstone, L. L.

doi: 10.1037/h0074202pmid: N/A

Describes a procedure which enables the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient without computing the deviations. This method makes it possible to disregard the signs involved in the calculations. Mathematical derivations of the new formula have been provided. Correlations were computed between the values obtained by this formula and by the more usual formula. In all cases perfect agreement was found between the two. The chances of arithmetical error were reduced to a minimum. No arbitrary origin need be selected for this formula and consequently the correlations for the arbitrary mean become superfluous.