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doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad480pmid: 37658848
Li, Ruili; Zhao, Ran; Yang, Mei; Zhang, Xi; Lin, Jinxing
doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad444pmid: 37549378
Cell polarity results from the asymmetric distribution of cellular structures, molecules, and functions. Polarity is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine the orientation of cell division, the formation of particular cell shapes, and ultimately the development of a multicellular body. To maintain the distinct asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids in cellular membranes, plant cells have developed complex trafficking and regulatory mechanisms. Major advances have been made in our understanding of how membrane microdomains influence the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids. In this review, we first give an overview of cell polarity. Next, we discuss current knowledge concerning membrane microdomains and their roles as structural and signaling platforms to establish and maintain membrane polarity, with a special focus on the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids, and advanced microscopy techniques to observe and characterize membrane microdomains. Finally, we review recent advances regarding membrane trafficking in cell polarity establishment and how the balance between exocytosis and endocytosis affects membrane polarity.
Skinner, Debra J; Mallari, Michelle D; Zafar, Kashaf; Cho, Myeong-Je; Sundaresan, Venkatesan
doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad461pmid: 37610248
The maize BABY BOOM 1 gene, when ectopically expressed in egg cells, induces parthenogenetic haploid progeny at high frequency, suggesting a promising route for producing clonal hybrid seeds in maize.
Tao, Yang; Chen, Hao; Zou, Ting; Ye, Qiuyu; Han, Yuhao; Yuan, Weiliang; Wang, Kang; Liu, Jiaxu; Peng, Kun; Liu, Huainian; Deng, Qiming; Wang, Shiquan; Zhu, Jun; Liang, Yueyang; Li, Ping; Li, Shuangcheng
doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad486pmid: 37668354
Huang, Mingkun; Zhang, Ling; Yung, Wai-Shing; Hu, Yufang; Wang, Zhili; Li, Man-Wah; Lam, Hon-Ming
doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad487pmid: 37668345
Interactions of enhancers with promoters and transcription factors mediate chromatin loop formation to regulate downstream gene expression in response to environmental stimuli such as light.
Shimakawa, Ginga; Okuyama, Akane; Harada, Hisashi; Nakagaito, Shuko; Toyoshima, Yui; Nagata, Kazuya; Matsuda, Yusuke
doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad475pmid: 37625790
Marine diatoms are responsible for up to 20% of the annual global primary production by performing photosynthesis in seawater where CO2 availability is limited while HCO3− is abundant. Our previous studies have demonstrated that solute carrier 4 proteins at the plasma membrane of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum facilitate the use of the abundant seawater HCO3−. There has been an unconcluded debate as to whether such HCO3− use capacity may itself supply enough dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to saturate the enzyme Rubisco. Here, we show that the θ-type carbonic anhydrase, Ptθ-CA1, a luminal factor of the pyrenoid-penetrating thylakoid membranes, plays an essential role in saturating photosynthesis of P. tricornutum. We isolated and analyzed genome-edited mutants of P. tricornutum defective in Ptθ-CA1. The mutants showed impaired growth in seawater aerated with a broad range of CO2 levels, from atmospheric to 1%. Independently of growth CO2 conditions, the photosynthetic affinity measured as K0.5 for DIC in mutants reached around 2 mm, which is about 10 times higher than K0.5[DIC] of high-CO2–grown wild-type cells that have repressed CO2-concentrating mechanism levels. The results clearly indicate that diatom photosynthesis is not saturated with either seawater-level DIC or even under a highly elevated CO2 environment unless the CO2-evolving machinery is at the core of the pyrenoid.
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