Physical Review Letters

Aubert, B; Barate, R; Boutigny, D; Couderc, F; Gaillard, J.-M; Hicheur, A; Karyotakis, Y; Lees, J. P; Robbe, P. P; Tisserand, V. P; Zghiche, A. P; Palano, A. P; Pompili, A. P; Chen, J. C; Qi, N. D; Rong, G. D; Wang, P. D; Zhu, Y. S; Eigen, G. S; Ofte, I. S; Stugu, B. S; Abrams, G. S; Borgland, A. W; Breon, A. B; Brown, D. N; Button-Shafer, J. N; Cahn, R. N; Charles, E. N; Day, C. T; Gill, M. S; Gritsan, A. V; Groysman, Y. V; Jacobsen, R. G; Kadel, R. W; Kadyk, J. W; Kerth, L. T; Kolomensky, Yu. G; Kukartsev, G. G; LeClerc, C. G; Levi, M. E; Lynch, G. E; Mir, L. M; Oddone, P. J; Orimoto, T. J; Pripstein, M. J; Roe, N. A; Romosan, A. A; Ronan, M. T; Shelkov, V. G; Telnov, A. V; Wenzel, W. A; Ford, K. A; Harrison, T. J; Hawkes, C. M; Knowles, D. J; Morgan, S. E; Penny, R. C; Watson, A. T; Watson, N. K; Goetzen, K. K; Held, T. K; Koch, H. K; Lewandowski, B. K; Pelizaeus, M. K; Peters, K. K; Schmuecker, H. K; Steinke, M. K; Boyd, J. T; Chevalier, N. T; Cottingham, W. N; Kelly, M. P; Latham, T. E; Mackay, C. E; Wilson, F. F; Abe, K. F; Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. F; Hearty, C. F; Mattison, T. S; McKenna, J. A; Thiessen, D. A; Kyberd, P. A; McKemey, A. K; Teodorescu, L. K; Blinov, V. E; Bukin, A. D; Golubev, V. B; Ivanchenko, V. N; Kravchenko, E. A; Onuchin, A. P; Serednyakov, S. I; Skovpen, Yu. I; Solodov, E. P; Yushkov, A. N; Best, D. N; Bruinsma, M. N; Chao, M. N; Kirkby, D. N; Lankford, A. J; Mandelkern, M. J; Mommsen, R. K; Roethel, W. K; Stoker, D. P; Buchanan, C. P; Hartfiel, B. L; Gary, J. W; Layter, J. W; Shen, B. C; Wang, K. C; del Re, D. C; Hadavand, H. K; Hill, E. J; MacFarlane, D. B; Paar, H. P; Rahatlou, Sh. P; Sharma, V. P; Berryhill, J. W; Campagnari, C. W; Dahmes, B. W; Levy, S. L; Long, O. L; Lu, A. L; Mazur, M. A; Richman, J. D; Verkerke, W. D; Beck, T. W; Beringer, J. W; Eisner, A. M; Heusch, C. A; Lockman, W. S; Schalk, T. S; Schmitz, R. E; Schumm, B. A; Seiden, A. A; Spradlin, P. A; Turri, M. A; Walkowiak, W. A; Williams, D. C; Wilson, M. G; Albert, J. G; Chen, E. G; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P; Dvoretskii, A. P; Erwin, R. J; Hitlin, D. G; Narsky, I. G; Piatenko, T. G; Porter, F. C; Ryd, A. C; Samuel, A. C; Yang, S. C; Jayatilleke, S. C; Mancinelli, G. C; Meadows, B. T; Sokoloff, M. D; Abe, T. D; Blanc, F. D; Bloom, P. D; Chen, S. D; Clark, P. J; Ford, W. T; Nauenberg, U. T; Olivas, A. T; Rankin, P. T; Roy, J. T; Smith, J. G; van Hoek, W. C; Zhang, L. C; Harton, J. L; Hu, T. L; Soffer, A. L; Toki, W. H; Wilson, R. J; Zhang, J. J; Altenburg, D. J; Brandt, T. J; Brose, J. J; Colberg, T. J; Dickopp, M. J; Dubitzky, R. S; Hauke, A. S; Lacker, H. M; Maly, E. M; Müller-Pfefferkorn, R. M; Nogowski, R. M; Otto, S. M; Schubert, J. M; Schubert, K. R; Schwierz, R. R; Spaan, B. R; Wilden, L. R; Bernard, D. R; Bonneaud, G. R; Brochard, F. R; Cohen-Tanugi, J. R; Grenier, P. R; Thiebaux, Ch. R; Vasileiadis, G. R; Verderi, M. R; Khan, A. R; Lavin, D. R; Muheim, F. R; Playfer, S. R; Swain, J. E; Andreotti, M. E; Azzolini, V. E; Bettoni, D. E; Bozzi, C. E; Calabrese, R. E; Cibinetto, G. E; Luppi, E. E; Negrini, M. E; Piemontese, L. E; Sarti, A. E; Treadwell, E. E; Baldini-Ferroli, R. E; Calcaterra, A. E; de Sangro, R. E; Falciai, D. E; Finocchiaro, G. E; Patteri, P. E; Piccolo, M. E; Zallo, A. E; Buzzo, A. E; Capra, R. E; Contri, R. E; Crosetti, G. E; Vetere, M. Lo; Macri, M. Lo; Monge, M. R; Passaggio, S. R; Patrignani, C. R; Robutti, E. R; Santroni, A. R; Tosi, S. R; Bailey, S. R; Morii, M. R; Won, E. R; Bhimji, W. R; Bowerman, D. A; Dauncey, P. D; Egede, U. D; Eschrich, I. D; Gaillard, J. R; Morton, G. W; Nash, J. A; Taylor, G. P; Grenier, G. J; Lee, S.-J. J; Mallik, U. J; Cochran, J. J; Crawley, H. B; Lamsa, J. B; Meyer, W. T; Prell, S. T; Rosenberg, E. I; Yi, J. I; Davier, M. I; Grosdidier, G. I; Höcker, A. I; Laplace, S. I; Diberder, F. Le; Lepeltier, V. Le; Lutz, A. M; Petersen, T. C; Plaszczynski, S. C; Schune, M. H; Tantot, L. H; Wormser, G. H; Brigljević, V. H; Cheng, C. H; Lange, D. J; Simani, M. C; Wright, D. M; Bevan, A. J; Coleman, J. P; Fry, J. R; Gabathuler, E. R; Gamet, R. R; Kay, M. R; Parry, R. J; Payne, D. J; Sloane, R. J; Touramanis, C. J; Back, J. J; Harrison, P. F; Shorthouse, H. W; Vidal, P. B; Brown, C. L; Cowan, G. L; Flack, R. L; Flaecher, H. U; George, S. U; Green, M. G; Kurup, A. G; Marker, C. E; McMahon, T. R; Ricciardi, S. R; Salvatore, F. R; Vaitsas, G. R; Winter, M. A; Brown, D. A; Davis, C. L; Allison, J. L; Barlow, N. R; Barlow, R. J; Hart, P. A; Hodgkinson, M. C; Jackson, F. C; Lafferty, G. D; Lyon, A. J; Weatherall, J. H; Williams, J. C; Farbin, A. C; Jawahery, A. C; Kovalskyi, D. C; Lae, C. K; Lillard, V. K; Roberts, D. A; Blaylock, G. A; Dallapiccola, C. A; Flood, K. T; Hertzbach, S. S; Kofler, R. S; Koptchev, V. B; Moore, T. B; Saremi, S. B; Staengle, H. B; Willocq, S. B; Cowan, R. B; Sciolla, G. B; Taylor, F. B; Yamamoto, R. K; Mangeol, D. J; Patel, P. M; Robertson, S. H; Lazzaro, A. H; Palombo, F. H; Bauer, J. M; Cremaldi, L. M; Eschenburg, V. M; Godang, R. M; Kroeger, R. M; Reidy, J. M; Sanders, D. A; Summers, D. J; Zhao, H. W; Brunet, S. W; Cote-Ahern, D. W; Taras, P. W; Nicholson, H. W; Cartaro, C. W; Cavallo, N. W; Nardo, G. De; Fabozzi, F. De; Gatto, C. De; Lista, L. De; Paolucci, P. De; Piccolo, D. De; Sciacca, C. De; Baak, M. A; Raven, G. A; LoSecco, J. M; Gabriel, T. A; Brau, B. A; Gan, K. K; Honscheid, K. K; Hufnagel, D. K; Kagan, H. K; Kass, R. K; Pulliam, T. K; Wong, Q. K; Brau, J. K; Frey, R. K; Igonkina, O. K; Potter, C. T; Sinev, N. B; Strom, D. B; Torrence, E. B; Colecchia, F. B; Dorigo, A. B; Galeazzi, F. B; Margoni, M. B; Morandin, M. B; Posocco, M. B; Rotondo, M. B; Simonetto, F. B; Stroili, R. B; Tiozzo, G. B; Voci, C. B; Benayoun, M. B; Briand, H. B; Chauveau, J. B; David, P. B; de la Vaissière, Ch. B; Del Buono, L. B; Hamon, O. B; John, M. J; Leruste, Ph. J; Ocariz, J. J; Pivk, M. J; Roos, L. J; Stark, J. J; T’Jampens, S. J; Therin, G. J; Manfredi, P. F; Re, V. F; Behera, P. K; Gladney, L. K; Guo, Q. H; Panetta, J. H; Anulli, F. H; Biasini, M. H; Peruzzi, I. M; Pioppi, M. M; Angelini, C. M; Batignani, G. M; Bettarini, S. M; Bondioli, M. M; Bucci, F. M; Calderini, G. M; Carpinelli, M. M; Del Gamba, V. M; Forti, F. M; Giorgi, M. A; Lusiani, A. A; Marchiori, G. A; Martinez-Vidal, F. A; Morganti, M. A; Neri, N. A; Paoloni, E. A; Rama, M. A; Rizzo, G. A; Sandrelli, F. A; Walsh, J. A; Haire, M. A; Judd, D. A; Paick, K. A; Wagoner, D. E; Danielson, N. E; Elmer, P. E; Lu, C. E; Miftakov, V. E; Olsen, J. E; Smith, A. J; Tanaka, H. A; Varnes, E. W; Bellini, F. W; Cavoto, G. W; Faccini, R. W; Ferrarotto, F. W; Ferroni, F. W; Gaspero, M. W; Mazzoni, M. A; Morganti, S. A; Pierini, M. A; Piredda, G. A; Tehrani, F. Safai; Voena, C. Safai; Christ, S. Safai; Wagner, G. Safai; Waldi, R. Safai; Adye, T. Safai; De Groot, N. Safai; Franek, B. Safai; Geddes, N. I; Gopal, G. P; Olaiya, E. O; Xella, S. M; Aleksan, R. M; Emery, S. M; Gaidot, A. M; Ganzhur, S. F; Giraud, P.-F. F; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W. Hamel; Langer, M. Hamel; Legendre, M. Hamel; London, G. W; Mayer, B. W; Schott, G. W; Vasseur, G. W; Yeche, Ch. W; Zito, M. W; Purohit, M. V; Weidemann, A. W; Yumiceva, F. X; Aston, D. X; Bartoldus, R. X; Berger, N. X; Boyarski, A. M; Buchmueller, O. L; Convery, M. R; Cristinziani, M. R; Dong, D. R; Dorfan, J. R; Dujmic, D. R; Dunwoodie, W. R; Elsen, E. E; Field, R. C; Glanzman, T. C; Gowdy, S. J; Grauges-Pous, E. J; Hadig, T. J; Halyo, V. J; Hryn’ova, T. J; Innes, W. R; Jessop, C. P; Kelsey, M. H; Kim, P. H; Kocian, M. L; Langenegger, U. L; Leith, D. W; Libby, J. W; Luitz, S. W; Luth, V. W; Lynch, H. L; Marsiske, H. L; Messner, R. L; Muller, D. R; O’Grady, C. P; Ozcan, V. E; Perazzo, A. E; Perl, M. E; Petrak, S. E; Ratcliff, B. N; Roodman, A. N; Salnikov, A. A; Schindler, R. H; Schwiening, J. H; Simi, G. H; Snyder, A. H; Soha, A. H; Stelzer, J. H; Su, D. H; Sullivan, M. K; Va’vra, J. K; Wagner, S. R; Weaver, M. R; Weinstein, A. J; Wisniewski, W. J; Wright, D. H; Young, C. C; Burchat, P. R; Edwards, A. J; Meyer, T. I; Petersen, B. A; Roat, C. A; Ahmed, M. A; Ahmed, S. A; Alam, M. S; Ernst, J. A; Saeed, M. A; Saleem, M. A; Wappler, F. R; Bugg, W. R; Krishnamurthy, M. R; Spanier, S. M; Eckmann, R. M; Kim, H. M; Ritchie, J. L; Schwitters, R. F; Izen, J. M; Kitayama, I. M; Lou, X. C; Ye, S. C; Bianchi, F. C; Bona, M. C; Gallo, F. C; Gamba, D. C; Borean, C. C; Bosisio, L. C; Della Ricca, G. C; Dittongo, S. C; Grancagnolo, S. C; Lanceri, L. C; Poropat, P. C; Vitale, L. C; Vuagnin, G. C; Panvini, R. S; Banerjee, Sw. S; Brown, C. M; Fortin, D. M; Jackson, P. D; Kowalewski, R. D; Roney, J. M; Band, H. R; Dasu, S. R; Datta, M. R; Eichenbaum, A. M; Johnson, J. R; Kutter, P. E; Li, H. E; Liu, R. E; Di Lodovico, F. E; Mihalyi, A. E; Mohapatra, A. K; Pan, Y. K; Prepost, R. K; Sekula, S. J; von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J. H; Wu, J. H; Wu, S. L; Yu, Z. L; Neal, H. L

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.251802pmid: 15244996

We present a measurement of time-dependent C P -violating asymmetries in decays of neutral B mesons to the final states D * ∓ π ± , using approximately 82 × 10 6 B B ¯ events recorded by the B<?format <?th 8pt?> ?>A<?format <?th 10pt?> ?>B<?format <?th 8pt?> ?>AR experiment at the PEP-II e + e - storage ring. Events containing these decays are selected with a partial reconstruction technique, in which only the high-momentum π ± from the B decay and the low-momentum π ∓ from the D * ∓ decay are used. We measure the amplitude of the asymmetry to be - 0.063 ± 0.024 ( stat ) ± 0.014 ( syst ) and compute bounds on | sin ⁡ ( 2 β + γ ) | .

Moretti, Paolo

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.257004pmid: 15245052

We discuss the formation of a vortex polycrystal in type II superconductors from the competition between pinning and elastic forces. We compute the elastic energy of a deformed grain boundary, which is strongly nonlocal, and obtain the depinning stress for weak and strong pinning. Our estimates for the grain size dependence on the magnetic field strength are in good agreement with previous experiments on NbMo. Finally, we discuss the effect of thermal noise on grain growth.

Banaszek, Konrad

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.257901pmid: 15245064

We present an experiment demonstrating the entanglement enhanced capacity of a quantum channel with correlated noise, modeled by a fiber optic link exhibiting fluctuating birefringence. In this setting, introducing entanglement between two photons is required to maximize the amount of information that can be encoded into their joint polarization degree of freedom. We demonstrated this effect using a fiber-coupled source of entagled photon pairs based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and a linear-optics Bell state measurement. The obtained experimental classical capacity with entangled states is equal to 0.82 ± 0.04 per a photon pair, and it exceeds approximately 2.5 times the theoretical upper limit when no quantum correlations are allowed.

Colaiori, Francesca ; Alava, Mikko J; Durin, Gianfranco J; Magni, Alessandro J; Zapperi, Stefano J

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.257203pmid: 15245058

The equilibrium and nonequilibrium disorder-induced phase transitions are compared in the random-field Ising model. We identify in the demagnetized state the correct nonequilibrium hysteretic counterpart of the T = 0 ground state, and present evidence of universality. Numerical simulations in d = 3 indicate that exponents and scaling functions coincide, while the location of the critical point differs, as corroborated by exact results for the Bethe lattice. These results are of relevance for optimization, and for the generic question of universality in the presence of disorder.

Kolesik, M; Wright, E. M; Moloney, J. V

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.253901pmid: 15245005

Recent experiments involving femtosecond pulses in water displayed long-distance propagation analogous to that reported in air. We verify this phenomenon numerically and show that the propagation is dynamic as opposed to self-guided. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the propagation can be interpreted as being due to dynamic nonlinear X waves whose robustness and role in long-distance propagation follows from the interplay between nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion.

Awazu, Akinori ; Kaneko, Kunihiko

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.258302pmid: 15245066

Relaxation processes in a closed chemical reaction-diffusion system which can potentially form Turing-like patterns during the transient are investigated to address the question given by the title. We find that when certain conditions are fulfilled the relaxation process is indeed drastically hindered, once the pattern is formed. This slowing down is shown to be due to stepwise relaxation, where each plateau in the relaxation process corresponds to residence at a certain spatial pattern. Mechanism and universality of the phenomena are discussed.

O’Dell, Duncan H; Giovanazzi, Stefano H; Eberlein, Claudia H

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.250401pmid: 15244986

We present exact results in the Thomas-Fermi regime for the statics and dynamics of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate that has dipole-dipole interactions in addition to the usual s -wave contact interactions. Remarkably, despite the nonlocal and anisotropic nature of the dipolar interactions, the density profile in a general time-dependent harmonic trap is an inverted parabola. The evolution of the condensate radii is governed by local, ordinary differential equations, and as an example we calculate the monopole and quadrupole shape oscillation frequencies.

Wolff, Max ; Scholz, Uwe ; Hock, Rainer ; Magerl, Andreas

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.255501pmid: 15245022

In aqueous solutions and for high concentrations triblock copolymers are known to aggregate. As a critical volume fraction of micelles is reached they crystallize. We report on grazing incident small angle neutron scattering as an experimental tool to investigate the crystallization of spherical polymer micelles in the immediate vicinity of a flat solid interface. We find for an attractive surface potential a face centered close packed structure with a random orientation perpendicular to the normal of the interface. For a repulsive potential crystallization is suppressed.

Hooper, Joe ; Mao, Zhiqiang

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.257206pmid: 15245061

We performed single-electron tunneling measurements on bilayer ruthenate Sr 3 Ru 2 O 7 . We observe an unusual oscillation in tunneling magnetoresistance near the metamagnetic quantum phase transition. The characteristic features of this oscillation suggest that it is unrelated to traditional quantum oscillations caused by orbit quantization. In addition, tunneling spectra are found to change sharply in the low bias voltage range of V < 2 mV near the transition field. These observations reveal that the Fermi surface of Sr 3 Ru 2 O 7 changes in a surprising way as the system undergoes strong critical fluctuations.

Xu, F. R; Zhao, E. G; Wyss, R. G; Walker, P. M

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.252501pmid: 15244999

Configuration-constrained calculations of potential-energy surfaces in even-even superheavy nuclei reveal systematically the existence at low excitation energies of multiquasiparticle states with deformed axially symmetric shapes and large angular momenta. These results indicate the prevalence of long-lived, multiquasiparticle isomers. In a quantal system, the ground state is usually more stable than the excited states. In contrast, in superheavy nuclei the multiquasiparticle excitations decrease the probability for both fission and α decay, implying enhanced stability. Hence, the systematic occurrence of multiquasiparticle isomers may become crucial for future production and study of even heavier nuclei. The energies of multiquasiparticle states and their α decays are calculated and compared to available data.