Physical Review Letters

Bauer, Gerrit E; Ferreira, Mauro S; Wapenaar, Cees P

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.113902pmid: 11531524

A causality problem in the time-dependent scattering of classical waves from point scatterers is pointed out and analyzed. Based on an alternative model, the leading pole approximation of the exact scattering matrix of the square-well potential, transparent expressions for the time- and position-dependent Green function in a disordered medium are derived.

Mochán, W. Luis

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.119101pmid: 11531553

A Comment on the Letter by John J. Carey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 , 1431 (2000). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.

Carey, John J; Zawadzka, Justyna J; Jaroszynski, Dino A; Wynne, Klaas A

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.119102pmid: N/A

A Reply to the Comment by W. Luis Mochan and Vera L. Brudny.

Giovannetti, V; Lloyd, S; Maccone, L; Wong, F. N

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.117902pmid: 11531548

The dispersion cancellation feature of pulses which are entangled in frequency is employed to synchronize clocks of distant parties. The proposed protocol is insensitive to the pulse distortion caused by transit through a dispersive medium. Since there is cancellation to all orders, also the effects of slowly fluctuating dispersive media are compensated. The experimental setup can be realized with currently available technology, at least for a proof of principle.

Sahni, Viraht ; Massa, Lou ; Singh, Ranbir ; Slamet, Marlina

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.113002pmid: 11531521

We explain by quantal density functional theory the physics of mapping from any bound nondegenerate excited state of Schrödinger theory to an S system of noninteracting fermions with equivalent density and energy. The S system may be in a ground or excited state. In either case, the highest occupied eigenvalue is the negative of the ionization potential. We demonstrate this physics with examples. The theory further provides a new framework for calculations of atomic excited states including multiplet structure.

Yuste, S. B; Lindenberg, Katja B

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.118301pmid: 11531549

We consider the coagulation dynamics A + A → A and A + A ⇌ A and the annihilation dynamics A + A → 0 for particles moving subdiffusively in one dimension. This scenario combines the “anomalous kinetics” and “anomalous diffusion” problems, each of which leads to interesting dynamics separately and to even more interesting dynamics in combination. Our analysis is based on the fractional diffusion equation.

Hughes, V. W; Perdekamp, M. Grosse; Kawall, D. Grosse; Liu, W. Grosse

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.111804pmid: 11531514

Following a suggestion from Kostelecký et al., we evaluated a test of CPT and Lorentz invariance from the microwave spectroscopy of muonium. Hamiltonian terms beyond the standard model violating CPT and Lorentz invariance would contribute frequency shifts δ ν 12 and δ ν 34 to ν 12 and ν 34 , the two transitions involving muon spin flip, which were precisely measured in ground state muonium in a strong magnetic field of 1.7 T. The shifts would be indicated by anticorrelated oscillations in ν 12 and ν 34 at the Earth’s sidereal frequency. No time dependence was found in ν 12 or ν 34 at the level of 20 Hz, limiting the size of some CPT and Lorentz-violating parameters at the level of 2 × 10 - 23 GeV .

Choi, Mahn-Soo ; Plastina, Francesco ; Fazio, Rosario

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.116601pmid: 11531539

We study intrinsic noise of current in a superconducting single-electron transistor, taking into account both coherence effects and Coulomb interaction near a Cooper pair resonance. Because of this interplay, the statistics of tunneling events deviates from the Poisson distribution and, more important, it shows even-odd asymmetry in the transmitted charge. The zero-frequency noise is suppressed significantly when the quasiparticle tunneling rates are comparable to the coherent oscillation frequency of Cooper pairs.

Weingarten, A; Arad, R; Maron, Y

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.115004pmid: 11531532

The magnetic field, the electron density, and the ion velocities in a multispecies plasma conducting a high fast-rising current are determined using simultaneous spectroscopic measurements. It is found that ion separation occurs in which a light-ion plasma is pushed ahead while a heavy-ion plasma lags behind the magnetic piston. We show that most of the momentum imparted by the magnetic field pressure is taken by the reflected light ions, and most of the dissipated magnetic field energy is converted into kinetic energy of these ions, even though their mass is only a small part of the total plasma mass. Such species separation with implications to the momenta and energy partitioning is shown to be of a general nature.

Melzer, A; Klindworth, M; Piel, A

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.115002pmid: 11531530

Finite clusters with a small number of charged particles immersed in a complex-plasma environment have been investigated experimentally. Finite clusters in complex plasmas are shown to be a unique system for the excitation and observation of normal modes in bounded charged-particle systems. In systems of 3, 4, and 7 particles, normal-mode oscillations have been excited and from the frequencies of the different modes the key parameters, particle charge, and the screening strength have been derived. This method is proposed to be applied in future microgravity experiments.