European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

Leeming, D.; Alexandersen, P.; Karsdal, M.; Qvist, P.; Schaller, S.; Tankó, L.

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0174-3pmid: 16912870

Special attention is given to their utility in clinical trials testing the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis and how they supplement bone mass measurements. Recent evidence suggests that biochemical markers may provide information on bone age that may have indirectly relates to bone quality; the latter is receiving increasing attention. A more targeted use of biomarkers could further optimize identification of high-risk patients, the process of drug discovery, and monitoring of the efficacy of osteoporosis treatment in clinical settings.

Chaput, Jean-Philippe; Tremblay, Angelo

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0186-zpmid: 16937118

Because weight regulation is complex, and redundant systems protect against perceived starvation, optimal treatment of obesity will likely require combinations of therapies. In addition, a better comprehension of the problem prior to its treatment would be preferable before targeting homeostatic pathways which could be irrelevant.

Herranz, José; Arteaga, Rosa; Adín, Javier; Armijo, Juan

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0175-2pmid: 16896786

Although our results should be confirmed by a larger study, they suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of chrono valproate is similar to that of conventional valproate, and that the main advantage is the once-daily administration.

Fogari, Roberto; Preti, Paola; Zoppi, Annalisa; Lazzari, Pierangelo; Corradi, Luca; Fogari, Elena; Ciccarelli, Leonardina; Derosa, Giuseppe

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0176-1pmid: 16896785

Amlodipine monotherapy decreased both SBP (−17.1 mm Hg, p=0.008 vs. placebo) and DBP (−14.3 mm Hg, p=0.008) as well as TNF-α (from 3.66±1.6 to 3.09±1.1 pg/ml, p=0.045) and HOMA-IR (from 4.58±0.7 to 3.88±0.6, p=0.007). The amlodipine-atorvastatin combination produced a decrease in SBP (−22.5 mm Hg, p=0.0007 vs. placebo, p=0.039 vs. amlodipine), DBP (−17.7 mm Hg, p=0.0007 vs. placebo; p=0.04 vs. amlodipine), TNF-α (2.59±0.9 pg/mL, p=0.007 vs. placebo and p=0.038 vs. amlodipine) and HOMA-IR (2.86±0.4, p=0.0008 vs. placebo and p=0.007 vs. amlodipine). The combination reduced IL-6 (from 7.93±1.9 to 5.59±1.2 pg/mL, p=0.008 vs. placebo and p=0.007 vs. amlodipine) and TC (from 4.3±0.5 to 3.6±0.4 mmol/L, p=0.008 vs. placebo and vs. amlodipine). HOMA-IR changes significantly correlated with TNF-α changes (r=0.38, p<0.05) during combination but not during amlodipine monotherapy. In normocholesterolemic, obese hypertensive patients, the amlodipine-atorvastatin combination decreased inflammatory markers and IR more than amlodipine monotherapy and produced a greater SBP and DBP reduction.

Schmidt, Beate; Roth, Bernhard; Stützer, Hartmut; Benz-Bohm, Gabriele

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0170-7pmid: 16896787

In our study fentanyl caused no major complications in the biliary system and intestine of ventilated preterm and term neonates. Sonographic investigations of the gallbladder under fentanyl treatment may be dispensable. Further investigations are required to assess adverse gastrointestinal effects.

Mercke Odeberg, J.; Andrade, J.; Holmberg, K.; Hoglund, P.; Malmqvist, U.; Odeberg, J.

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0166-3pmid: 16909274

In a Swedish cohort, several genetic variants in the UGT1A gene are common, but prevalence in a population may differ because of ethnicity. A phenotype based on bilirubin levels has limitations in serving as an indicator of pharmacogenetic differences in glucuronidation due to the influence of gender. Because of possible substrate overlap regarding different UGT1A isoforms, determination of haplotypes of potential cis-acting polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene should be considered in pharmacogenetic association studies regarding drugs that undergo glucuronidation.

Syvänen, Stina; Blomquist, Gunnar; Appel, Lieuwe; Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta; Långström, Bengt; Bergström, Mats

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0179-ypmid: 16896783

We demonstrated the feasibility of modeling brain drug kinetics based on PET data in combination with venous blood sampling and an arterio-venous transform. Such a model can in turn be used for the calculation of brain kinetics resulting from an arbitrary administration mode by applying this model on venous plasma pharmacokinetics. This would be an important advantage in the development of drugs acting in the brain, and in other circumstances when the effect is likely to be closer related to the brain than the plasma concentration.

Sádaba, Belén; Campanero, Miguel; Muñoz-Juarez, Maria; Gil-Aldea, Isabel; García-Quetglas, Emilio; Esteras, Antonio; Azanza, Jose

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0180-5pmid: 16909273

Ibuprofen arginate approaches maximum concentrations of S(+)-ibuprofen faster and higher than dexibuprofen.

Niioka, Takenori; Uno, Tsukasa; Yasui-Furukori, Norio; Shimizu, Mikiko; Sugawara, Kazunobu; Tateishi, Tomonori

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0184-1pmid: 16915367

The present study demonstrated that the AUC of rabeprazole can be estimated by the simple formula using two-point concentrations. This formula can be more accurate for the prediction of AUC estimation than that reflected by CYP2C19 genotypes without any determination, even if there are significant differences for the CYP2C19 genotypes. Therefore, this prediction formula might be useful to evaluate whether CYP2C19 genotypes really reflects the curative effect of rabeprazole.

Ververs, Tessa; Kaasenbrood, Hans; Visser, Gerard; Schobben, Fred; Jong-van den Berg, Lolkje; Egberts, Toine

doi: 10.1007/s00228-006-0177-0pmid: 16896784

A considerable number of women are being exposed to antidepressants throughout pregnancy up until delivery. One consequence of this is that their newborns need special care and supervision during the first days of life. However, women who stop taking the medication may risk a relapse of their illness, and this may also have a negative effect on the child.