Perceptual and Motor Skills

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800304pmid: N/A

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800302pmid: N/A

Dawson, Kim A.

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800310pmid: 8084683

Given the flexible use of an inverse rule relating temporal speed and temporal length in some psychological studies, an hypothesized effect of an instruction regarding temporal speed on temporal length judgment was tested. By subjects asked to compare the speeds (rates of passage) and then to estimate the two temporal lengths (durations) of two successive intervals, there was greater use of the inverse rule and increased accuracy in estimating the first of the two intervals. The results have important implications for effortful processing of temporal information.

Anderson, Dean F ;Cychosz, Charles M.

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800313pmid: 8084685

This study examined an instrument measuring the salience of an individual's identification with exercise as an integral part of the concept of self. The 9-item Exercise Identity Scale was given to 51 college students. Test-retest reliability (1 wk.) was. 93 and Cronbach alpha. 94. Assessment of the relationship between exercise identity scores and other variables related to participation in exercise documents evidence for validity. A measure of exercise identity may help identify persons least likely and most likely to maintain an exercise program and so may assist in the development of effective intervention strategies.

Kurosawa, Kazuo

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800316pmid: 8084688

The relative attention demanded by standing and walking at five velocities on a treadmill were examined by the measurement of probe reaction time (probe-RT). Subjects were 13 healthy men, who were from 21 to 42 years of age (M = 28.3 yr., SD = 7.4). The mean RT value was shortest at the velocity of 4 km/hr. and became longer at treadmill walking speeds above and below 4 km/hr. The mean preferred velocity of subjects obtained from 10-m free walking was 4.85 km/hr. (3.1 to 6.2 km/hr.), which is reasonably close to the optimal velocity of 4.0 km/hr. during treadmill walking. Walking at the optimum velocity calls for extremely low demands for attention, and walking at velocities higher or lower than this requires more attention.

Russell, William D. ;Weeks, Douglas L.

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800319pmid: 8084691

This study assessed the effects of associative and dissociative psychological strategies of attention on heart rate and self-report ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during cycling performance. Seven trained cyclists performed a control ride, a dissociation ride, and an association ride on a bicycle ergometer at a work rate corresponding to 75% of their maximal heart rate. For the dissociation ride, subjects watched a videotape unrelated to cycling and responded to a key word each time it occurred on tape. For the association ride, subjects focused attention on heart-rate feedback available throughout the ride. During the control ride, attentional focus was not intentionally manipulated. Analysis indicated that the deliberate application of an attentional strategy did not significantly affect heart rate or RPE scores; however, the dissociation condition yielded somewhat higher RPE scores. From a postexperimental interview, four subjects responded that the association ride was the easier to complete, while three subjects responded the control ride was the easier one, matching a possible trend in the data.

Hori, Tadao ;Hayashi, Mitsuo ;Oka, Masami ;Agari, Ichiro ;Kawabe, Kunihiko ;Takagi, Masato

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800321pmid: 8084692

An attempt was made to replicate arousing and de-arousing effects of cigarette smoking originally reported by Golding and Mangan. Changes in electrodermal activity, heart rate, and magnitude in the EEG alpha (7.5—11.5 Hz) and beta (13.5—20 Hz) bands were measured under conditions of both mild sensory isolation as well as stress induced by loud white-noise. Under both conditions, real smoking as well as sham smoking an unlit cigarette increased beta activity and the skin potential response. In contrast, only real smoking produced a significant increase in heart rate, decrease in alpha activity, and increase in skin potential. De-arousing effects reported by Golding and Mangan for white-noise stress were not replicated.

Bohannon, Richard W.

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800322pmid: 8084693

Means and ranges of single-leg balance times for 8 studies of men and women from 50 to 90 years of age are generally consistent, except the 50- to 59-yr.-old men's mean from the Rudisill and Toole study.

Siscoe, Karen L. ;Segel, Martin D. ;Lagrange, Michele R. ;Templer, Donald I. ;Richardson, Robert L.

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800325pmid: 8084695

The concept of the neurological spectrum extending from neurological functioning to academic skills was explored and confirmed with 242 clients seeking social service disability benefits. Correlations within segments of the spectrum were higher than those between adjacent segments which were higher than the correlations between distal segments.

Goldstein, Donald J. ;Jr., Thomas W., Britt,

doi: 10.1177/003151259407800327pmid: 8084697

Previous research on the relationship between visual-motor coordination and academic achievement has been equivocal and has frequently not included controls for the effect of intelligence on achievement. In the present study, scores on three tests of children's visual-motor coordination correlated moderately to highly with scores on a test of reading, mathematics, and written language for a sample of 44 elementary school children referred for learning difficulties. Multiple regression analyses indicated that visual-motor coordination scores accounted for little unique achievement test score variance when IQs were included in the equations.