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Barroso, Felix ;Freedman, Norbert ;Grand, Stanley
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1083pmid: N/A
Previous observations in our laboratory suggested that self-touching, the continuous movements of the hands on the body or onto each other, would increase during periods of attentional disruption or interference. The present study explored this notion further by testing whether or not variation in self-touching is associated with variation in performance in three different experimental tasks. The results indicate that certain types of continuous self-touching are consistently and significantly associated with three different performance measures. Since performance in a task is usually viewed as involving attentional processes, the present findings suggest a link between activity of hands and variations in the effective deployment of attention.
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1103pmid: N/A
Fractionated normal and Jendrassik reflex times were assessed on 14 subjects over a 6-wk. period to examine the short- and long-range effects of Transcendental Meditation on the neuromuscular system. While no significant differences in reflex times were observed pre- and posttreatment, a significant reduction in reflex times was found over sessions. Possible explanations were offered.
Hafner, James L. ;Corotto, Loren V.
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1144pmid: 7413388
Scores on Lüscher Color Test are claimed to be independent of age, sex, and race. The test was administered to 102 consecutive admissions (71 males, 31 females; 35 Negroes, 67 Caucasians) to an acute psychiatric inpatient unit. The preference for each of the 8 Lüscher colors was correlated with age, sex, and race. Two of the 48 biserial correlations were significant (p = .05). Negroes demonstrated significantly greater preference for grey than did Caucasians. Females showed significantly greater preference for red than males. These results are essentially supportive of the Lüscher premise, i.e., age, sex, and race are independent of color preference.
Bledsoe, Joseph C. ;Brown, Sidney E. ;Dalton, Samuel L.
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1147pmid: N/A
The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership behavior of school business managers as perceived by selected staff and super-ordinates. Perceptions of the leaders' behavior were measured by responses to the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire. Board members, superintendents, business managers, and principals-supervisors reliably differentiated “real” and “ideal” Consideration and Initiating Structure with strengths of association (ω2) ranging from .212 to .550 of the variance accounted for. Only one of 24 cross-group comparisons was reliable; board members perceived the business manager's “real” behavior to be more considerate than did principals-supervisors. Thus, perceptions of the four groups were quite similar; in part the small samples and large variability (especially in “real” behaviors) accounted for this agreement.
Ford, H. Thomas ;Puckett, John R.
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1151pmid: N/A
To determine the effects of prescribed weight-training exercises and a prescribed basketball program on scores of four AAHPER basketball skill tests each of 76 seventh grade students at a junior high school participated on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for 16 class periods in one of three programs (weight-training, basketball, and regular physical education), (a) On the front shot, a significant difference was found between the basketball group and the weight-training group, in favor of the former, (b) No other significant differences were found among the three groups on the other skill tests, speed pass, jump and reach, and dribble.
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1271pmid: 7413399
Non-smokers, ‘low-arousal smokers,’ and ‘high-arousal smokers’ were exposed to interminent, aperiodic noise of 100 db (A) while performing a choice reaction time task. The former were smokers who experienced their strongest need to smoke in low-arousal situations characterized by, e.g., monotony and low-level stimulation, while the latter experienced their strongest need to smoke in high-arousal situations characterized by anxiety and high-level stimulation. Behavioral measures of decision time and movement time were examined together with tonic and phasic measures of skin conductance and heart rate during noise and in response to a single high intensity 100 db (A) auditory tone. Relative to a noise-free condition, noise significantly impaired decision time of smokers and this was paralleled by autonomic response measures to tone stimulation which were reflective of less efficient defensive response mechanisms to aversive stimulation. Significant differences were also observed between low-and high-arousal smokers.
Charlop, Marjorie ;Atwell, Constance W.
doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.50.3c.1291pmid: 7413401
The Charlop-Atwell Scale of Motor Coordination was designed to meet the need for a quick and easily used measure of some aspects of gross motor coordination of children between the ages of 4 and 6 years. The scale was provisionally standardized on 201 children who were sampled across age, sex, race and income level. It is short, relatively simple for school teachers and researchers to administer, and does not require special equipment. The scale contains a subjective subtest, based on quality of performance, in addition to an objective subtest based on accuracy of performance. Results show a developmental trend, high test-retest and interobserver reliability, and strong external validity.
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