Neuroradiology 0028-3940

Diebler, C.; Dulac, O.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540233pmid: 6633855

234 25 25 4 4 C. Diebler O. Dulac Department of Neuroradiology Hôpital Foch Suresnes France Service of Paediatrics Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul Paris France Summary Cephaloceles are congenital malformations with herniation of intracranial structures through a defect in the cranium. On the basis of a review of the literature and 31 personal observations the authors discuss the clinical and neuroradiological presentation of their various anatomical locations: sphenoidal, ethmoidal, frontal, occipital and parietal.

Inoue, Y.; Hakuba, A.; Fujitani, K.; Fukuda, T.; Nemoto, Y.; Umekawa, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kitano, H.; Onoyama, Y.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540234pmid: 6633856

234 25 25 4 4 Y. Inoue A. Hakuba K. Fujitani T. Fukuda Y. Nemoto T. Umekawa Y. Kobayashi H. Kitano Y. Onoyama Department of Radiology Osaka City University Medical School Osaka Japan Department of Neurosurgery Osaka City University Medical School Osaka Japan Department of Neurosurgery Osaka City Children Medical Center Osaka Japan Department of Radiology Osaka City Children Medical Center Osaka Japan Department of Pathology Osaka City Children Medical Center Osaka Japan Summary Six cases of congenital subscalp nodule associated with underlying cranium bifidum are reported. A plain skull roentgenogram showed a midline bone defect in the parieto-occipital region near the lambda. CT scan demonstrated neither brain malformation nor ventricular deformity except for the high position of the straight sinus. Cerebral angiography revealed an elongation of the vein of Galen and anomalous upward course of the straight sinus. At surgery, the tumor was solid and connected to a cord which extended intracranially via the cranium bifidum and blended with thickened arachnoid membrane either on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain or at the surface of the anterior vermis. Histologically, the tumor consisted in all cases of arachnoid cells and fibrous tissue with immature glial cells in one case. Possible pathogenesis of these tumors could be a result of the fetal nuchal bleb.

Fitz, C.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540235pmid: 6633857

234 25 25 4 4 C. R. Fitz Division of Special Procedures, Department of Radiology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada Summary Holoprosencephaly is a brain anomaly of varying severity with associated extracranial, symptomatic abnormalities in only a minority of cases. The class of brain defects known as holoprosencephaly represents a continuum usually divided into three types: alobar, semilobar, and lobar. Each has both distinctive radiological characteristics and some similarities. Typical facial anomalies are found in the severe forms. Absent septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia, possibly of similar embryological origin, have some resemblances to lobar holoprosencephaly, but are clinically and radiologically separate in most instances. Agenesis of the corpus callosum, which is superficially like holoprosencephaly, should not be confused with the prosencephalic defects.

Kendall, B.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540236pmid: 6633858

234 25 25 4 4 B. E. Kendall The National Hospitals for Nervous Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, Lysholm Radiological Department The National Hospital Queen Square London England Summary The embryology of the corpus callosum is briefly reviewed in relation to dysgenesis and associated malformations. The morphology, etiology, clinical and radiological features of such malformations are discussed and illustrated.

Zimmerman, R.; Bilaniuk, Larissa; Grossman, R.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540237pmid: 6633859

234 25 25 4 4 R. A. Zimmerman Larissa T. Bilaniuk R. I. Grossman Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Summary Computed tomographic findings in developmental brain anomalies are more easily classified when the system used is based on embryogenesis related to morphology. Analysis of computed tomographic findings in a series of 154 patients with brain anomalies (Chiari malformation not included) revealed that specific examples of abnormalities occurring in major stages of brain development may be recognized by computed tomography. This paper deals with a group of patients with abnormalities that reflect a disturbance in neuronal migration.

Raybaud, C.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540238pmid: 6605492

234 25 25 4 4 C. Raybaud Service of Neuroradiology Timone University Hospital Marseille France Summary The congenital destructive lesions of the brain include focal lesions (porencephaly) and diffuse lesions (micrencephaly, hydranencephaly). According to the time the injury occurred and following the assumption of Yakovlev and Wadworth (1946), they are classified as agenetic porencephalies, either — bilateral (schizencephaly) or unilateral, when the injury occurs early enough in gestation (before 6 months) to disturb the growth of the cerebral mantle: abnormal sulcal pattern and heterotopic gray matter are then observed. They are classified as encephaloclastic when the destruction affects an otherwise normal cerebrum (last trimester). The porencephalies should be differenciated from post natal lesions (multicystic encephalomalacia, focal cavitations). By showing the fluid cavity and the cortical distortion, neuroradiology permits precise diagnosis of the defect itself and the associated cortical disorder, as well as an evaluation when they occurred.

Gardeur, D.; Palmieri, A.; Mashaly, R.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540239pmid: 6415509

234 25 25 4 4 D. Gardeur A. Palmieri R. Mashaly Service of Neuroradiology Hôpital de la Pitie Paris France Pediatric Center of Napoli Italy Summary The authors present the CT findings in their personal series of 77 cases of neurofibromatosis, 34 cases of tuberous sclerosis, and 16 cases of Sturge-Weber disease. These findings are extensively illustrated and compared with those reported in the literature.

doi: 10.1007/BF00540240pmid: N/A