doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.iiipmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF.
Westfall, B., B.;Peppers, E., V.;Bryant, J., C.;Schilling, E., L.;Earle, W., R.
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.429pmid: N/A
Abstract To test the practicality of simple fluid addition instead of fluid change, the cells from clone NCTC 929 of strain L of mouse fibroblast origin were grown in agitated suspension with continuous gas exchange. Increments of fresh medium were added to the used medium at stated intervals. In this fashion the volume of the supporting fluid was gradually increased with opportunity for accumulation in the medium of metabolic products from the cells. During 10 days the cells with the higher fluid increment and approximately 330 million cells for the inoculum grew up to 2.5× the inoculum. The 2 cultures getting the lower increment, but started with about 90 million cells, grew during 12 days up to 7× the inoculum. The populations of all 4 cultures then rapidly declined. A moderate amount of glucose was removed from the medium with comparatively little of it accumulating as lactic acid. Total free amino acids of the medium were increased after use of the medium by the cells. Only certain ones were responsible for this increase. So far as one may conclude from this series of experiments, simple fluid addition would not be a suitable procedure for long-term culture of the cells in agitated suspensions. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 2 National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.437pmid: N/A
Abstract Five cell strains MC3, CF1-C-9, NCTC 2071 (NCTC clone 929, strain L), L-P55, and L-P55-N2, all of murine origin, were studied with respect to their chromosomal constitution. The last 3 strains were sublines of NCTC clone 929 (strain L). All of them were heteroploid. Besides the changes in chromosome number, each strain possessed from 10 to 20 metacentrics and a few subtelocentric chromosomes. Each strain had its characteristic karyotype and was cytologically identifiable. Cells of strains L-P55 and L-P55-N2 contained 1 or 2 long dicentric chromosomes. However, a small proportion of the cells in strain L-P55 was void of this element. This dicentric chromosome was probably identical to the dicentric that occurred frequently in strain L2 established by Fedoroff in Saskatoon, Canada. Within each strain considerable variations of chromosome number as well as combination of chromosome types were recorded. Therefore, each strain is heterogeneous in its genetic make-up. Genetic polymorphism conceivably prevails also in populations of other cell strains. It provides different genotypes for the populations to adjust themselves to various adverse selection forces that may be applied to them. 2 Supported in part by grant P-133 from the American Cancer Society, Inc., and by grant DRG-269C from the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund for Cancer Research, Inc. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 3 The authors are grateful to Dr. Albert Levan for his many important criticisms. Valuable technical assistance was provided by Mrs. Lillian Milofsky and Miss Sally J. Gardner.
Laszlo,, John;Landau,, Bernard;Wight,, Kent;Burk,, Dean
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.475pmid: N/A
Abstract Certain sugar analogues (2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-galactose) were shown to be potent glycolytic inhibitors of human leukocytes, human leukemic cells of different types, and a variety of animal tumor cells. In vivo administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose markedly inhibited glycolysis in 2 of 4 patients with leukemia studied. The possible usefulness of a technique measuring metabolic changes induced by a drug in vivo was discussed. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 2 National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Landau, Bernard, R.;Laszlo,, John;Stengle,, James;Burk,, Dean
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.485pmid: N/A
Abstract 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was administered to 1 patient with islet-cell carcinoma, 5 patients with leukemia, 1 patient with bronchogenic carcinoma, and 1 with renal-cell carcinoma. After a single intravenous infusion of 2-DG, the following effects were noted: 1) Blood-glucose levels rose. 2) Symptoms were diaphoresis, generalized warmth, flushing, headache, drowsiness, and tachycardia. No symptoms were severe and all of them were transient. 3) In the leukemic patients, white-blood-cell counts either fell directly, or rose and then fell during the 24-hour period following administration. 4) Glycolytic inhibition of leukemic cells occurred in some of the patients. 5) Approximately 30 percent of the administered dose was excreted in the urine; the fate of the remainder of the compound was unknown. The significance of these observations was discussed. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 2 Endocrinology Branch. Present address: Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard School of Medicine, Cambridge, Mass. 3 General Medicine Branch. 4 Laboratory of Biochemistry. 5 The authors are grateful to Dr. Roy Hertz and Dr. Emil Frei for their helpful suggestions. 6 National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Goldin,, Abraham;Venditti, John, M.;Humphreys, Stewart, R.;Mantel,, Nathan
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.495pmid: N/A
Abstract An assay system employing advanced systemic leukemia (L1210) in mice has been utilized to compare the antileukemic effectiveness of a series of chemical agents. Comparison was made of the relative effectiveness of the compounds in increasing the survival time of the mice, employing the folic acid analogue amethopterin as a standard. Data on 38 compounds are presented. Twenty-three of these had been previously studied against early leukemia and in other tumor systems in a comprehensive study of screening (4). None of the compounds used was as effective as amethopterin in increasing the survival time of the leukemic mice. Reserpine, 6-mercaptopurine, thioguanine, 8-azaguanine, and 5-fluorouracil were 50 to 60 percent as effective as amethopterin. Aminopterin, 2 thiadiazole derivatives, azaserine, and 3 pyrimidines showed 30 to 50 percent of the activity of amethopterin. The remaining compounds tested showed lesser or no activity. The application of this type of assay procedure as a tool for screening and the quantitative evaluation of the action of potential antineoplastic agents are discussed. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 2 National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Boone, Irene, U.;Rogers, Betty, S.;Harris, Payne, S.
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.513pmid: N/A
Abstract Alterations in the susceptibility of homologous strains of X-irradiated mice to AK4 leukemic implants by spleen and femur shielding at the time of whole-body irradiation was determined in the A/St and C57BL strains of mice. The protective effect of spleen or femur shielding in irradiated animals that did not receive leukemia was also evaluated in these strains. The results of the experiments with irradiated animals that did not receive leukemia indicated that, although a protective effect was produced by either spleen or femur shielding in both strains, there were no significant quantitative differences afforded by the tissue shielded in either strain. Resistance to transplantable leukemia was partially protected by femur shielding in the irradiated A/St and C57BL mice and by spleen shielding in the irradiated A/St mice. However, in the irradiated C57BL animals that received leukemia, there was no significant difference between the spleen-shielded and nonshielded groups. The differences in the spleen-shielding results between the A/St and C57BL mice tend to indicate that greater protection was associated with myelopoietic tissue than with lymphoid tissue. 2 Work done under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 3 Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Radiation Research Society, June 1956, Chicago, Ill. This content is only available as a PDF.
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.523pmid: N/A
Abstract A simple, reliable, and convenient azo-dye method for the demonstration of acid phosphatase and phosphamidase in paraffin-embedded tissues is described. The best results are obtained with frozen-dried tissues. Phosphates of naphthols AS-BI, AS-BS, AS-LC, and AS-TR are useful substrates (text-fig. 1, II). The stability and potential high chromogenicity of these substrates suggest their use in quantitative determinations. The present study indicates that acid phosphatase is not as sensitive an enzyme as previously assumed, and that with reasonable care it can be preserved even in mounted sections over a long period. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 2 National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
McAllister, Robert, M.;Grunmeier, Paul, W.;Coriell, Lewis, L.;Marshak, Robert, R.
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.541pmid: N/A
Abstract Heterologous immune serums against HeLa cells were prepared in rabbits, rats, and a tuberculin-sensitive cow. The effects of these immune serums in vitro upon HeLa cells were studied by means of a cytotoxic metabolic inhibition test (CMI), the complement-fixation test, and by agglutination tests. The CMI test was sensitive, quantitative, and reproducible. The cytotoxic activity of the cow immune serum was heat resistant, removed by heating to 60° C. for 30 minutes, restored by adding fresh unheated serum, and demonstrated a number of properties compatible with the presence of a specific cytotoxic antibody. The protective effect in vivo of the cow immune serum was studied by the quantitative and reproducible rat-HeLa tumor technique. Good correlation was obtained between the number of HeLa cells killed in the CMI test and the number killed in vivo in the rat-protection tests. 2 Aided by a grant from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 3 South Jersey Medical Research Foundation, Camden, N. J. 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penna. 5 School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penna.
Orris,, Leo;, Van Duuren, Benjamin L.;Kosak, Alvin, I.;Nelson,, Norton;Schmitt, F., L.
doi: 10.1093/jnci/21.3.557pmid: N/A
Abstract The carcinogenic activities of 2 cigarette tars, 1 prepared at New York University and 1 at Sloan-Kettering Institute, were compared by skin painting on mice under identical conditions. Cancers developed in 18 percent of the animals painted with SKI tar and in 8 percent of the animals painted with NYU tar. Chemical analysis of the 2 tars for 3 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons showed that the SKI tar possesses each of these compounds in concentrations 3 to 4 times as high as the NYU tar. 2 Aided by a grant from the American Cancer Society, Inc. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes 3 Present address: Department of Chemistry, New York University. 4 The cooperation of Dr. E. L. Wynder, of the Sloan-Kettering Institute, in supplying the SKI tar is gratefully acknowledged.
Showing 1 to 10 of 16 Articles