doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.A17pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
Macher, Abe, M.;Angritt,, Peter;Tuur, Sylvana, M.;Joshi, Vijay, V.;Daly, Michael, J.;Henriques, Ulrik, V.;Landing, Benjamin, H.
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.M89pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes † The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.A7pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.A2apmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.A2pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.A11pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
Bray, Robert, M.;Marsden, Mary, Ellen;Guess, L., Lynn;Herbold, John, R.
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.1pmid: N/A
Abstract This paper presents data on substance use by military personnel from a series of worldwide surveys conducted in 1985, 1982, and 1980 with primary emphasis on the 1985 survey. Estimates are based on responses from participants serving on active duty in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. Results for 1985 indicate pervasive use of alcohol, substantial use of tobacco, and low nonmedical use of drugs among military personnel. Average daily consumption of alcohol declined significantly from 1.4 ounces in 1982 to 1.2 ounces in 1985, but the patterns of use remained relatively constant. Nonmedical drug use during the past 30 days declined significantly, from 27.0% in 1980, to 19.0% in 1982, to 8.9% in 1985. Cigarette smoking declined significantly from 51.4% in 1982 to 46.2% in 1985. Current alcohol and drug use is concentrated among younger, less educated, unmarried, and junior and mid-career enlisted personnel. Cigarette pack years are higher among males, whites, those with less than a high school education, and senior enlisted personnel. Results show progress in reducing drug use and smoking in the military, but little change in patterns of alcohol use. New initiatives and approaches by the military to further reduce substance abuse are discussed. This content is only available as a PDF. Author notes † The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.11pmid: N/A
Abstract Foreign bodies (FBs) of the pharynx are likely to stop at the palatine or lingual tonsils, the cricopharyngeal muscle, or the beginning of the esophagus; they may be removed with direct vision. FBs of the esophagus should be located by esophagram; endoscopy may be diagnostic and therapeutic; sharp objects may cause laceration and vascular injury. In the stomach, the FB may pass through the intestinal tract or stop at the pylorus or duodenum; if after 5–6 days there is no evidence of passage in the duodenum, it should be recovered by gastrotomy or endoscopy. FBs in the small intestine, calculi, or phytobezoar usually stop at the ileocecal valve and should be recovered by enterotomy. They may produce a coloenteric or enteroenteric fistula leading to an inter-intestinal abscess leading to intestinal obstruction. They may pass in the colon and stop at the rectosigmoid junction leading to perforation simulating perforating sigmoid diverticulum. FBs of the rectum may be recovered by sigmoidoscopy. The strategy is exact radiological location and evaluation of whether there is absence or presence of retroperitoneal or perirectal air. Intraperitoneal perforation should be immediately treated by suture of the perforation and temporary sigmoid colostomy. Perforation below the peritoneal reflexion is treated by diverting sigmoid colostomy and extraperitoneal perirectal drainage. Compound lacerations of the rectosigmoid junction may need Hartmann's procedure followed three weeks later by a terminoterminal or terminolateral anastomosis using the EEA stapler. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
Pedersen, Donald, M.;Clark, John, A.;Johns, Richard, E.;White, George, L.;Hoffman,, Sharon
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.14pmid: N/A
Abstract In this study the authors investigate the percentage of mismatch between job demands and worker physical capacity in Utah National Guard mechanics. This population had demonstrated a higher incidence of low back trouble than other job descriptions reviewed. The authors utilized onsite still and videotape photography and a computerized biomechanical strength prediction model to assess loads on the lumbosacral spine due to various job tasks. Job demands were then compared to the actual physical capacity of the individual workers based on static strength testing in job-related positions. A load cell on the testing apparatus entered the force generated into a computer which averaged the force of the last three seconds of a five-second lift. It was determined that as much as a 38% mismatch existed within this population for some job tasks which these workers were exposed to. Suggestions for preventing job-related low back cumulative trauma disorders are presented, including: engineering redesign, worker selection programs, work hardening, and others. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
doi: 10.1093/milmed/154.1.19pmid: N/A
Abstract Honduras is the second largest and one of the least urbanized of the six Central American countries. Beginning with Big Pine II Military maneuvers in August 1983, U.S. military medical personnel based in Palmerola, Honduras, have been involved with a civic action-type training activity termed the Medical Readiness Training Exercise (MEDRETE). Medical officer and enlisted medics from the three services have had the opportunity to receive military medicine training in a Third World environment. The planning, preparation, and initiation of these training missions and the benefits to the participants and recipients are discussed. This content is only available as a PDF. Copyright ©, Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 1989
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