Molecular phylogeny of the grass genus Brachypodium P. Beauv. based on RFLP and RAPD analysisCATALÁN,, PILAR;SHI,, YING;ARMSTRONG,, LAUREL;DRAPER,, JOHN;STACE, CLIVE, A.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02590.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Nuclear genome analysis using RFLPs and RAPDs has been assessed within different species of the genus Brachypodium P. Beauv. and representatives of other grasses in order to determine the characteristics of the Brachypodium genome and to establish its evolutionary position in relation to other Pooideae. Distinctive features of the Brachypodium genome are its small size, the low amount of repetitive DNA, the lack of restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the genus for the assayed probe/enzyme combinations, and the genomic variability demonstrated at species level by random DNA amplification. These molecular studies confirm Brachypodium as an isolated ancient genus best placed in its own tribe (Brachypodieae). Its relationships to other tribes Bromeae, Triticeae, Poeae are resolved, Brachypodieae being the earliest tribe to diverge from this core of pooids. Within the genus two major Old World clades are distinguishable: an annual clade, represented only by B. distachyon; and a perennial clade, represented by all the other species studied (except B. mexicanum). The perennial American species B. mexicanum appears equally attached to these two clades. RFLP data were found to be useful in obtaining phylogenies at generic and higher rank levels, whereas the highly variable RAPD data were more suitable for resolving interspecific and intraspecific evolutionary pathways. molecular systematics, Poaceae, repetitive DNA REFERENCES Appels R , Scoles G, Chapman CGD 1986 . The nature of change in nuclear DNA in the evolution of grasses . In: Soderstrom TR, Hilu KW, Campbell CS, Barkworth ME eds. Grass systematics and evolution . New York : Smithsonian Institution Press , 73 – 87 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Ascherson P , Graebner P 1901 . Brachypodium . 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Comparative studies in phytochemistry and fruit anatomy of Thapsia garganica and T. transtagana, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)SMITT, ULLA, WAGNER;JÄGER, ANNE, KATHARINA;ADSERSEN,, ANNE;GUDIKSEN,, LENE
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02591.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Thapsia garganica L. and T. transtagana Brot. are classified as synonymous in Flora Europaea. In the present investigation significant differences between the two taxa with regard to fruit anatomy and phytochemistry are demonstrated and they are considered as two separate species. Microscopic studies revealed a distinct difference in number and position of secretory spaces in the pericarp of fruits from the two species and in addition pronounced differences were found in the presence of thapsigargins, the bioactive constituents of the two species. Quantitative HPLC analyses of thapsigargins were carried out on different plant organs from T. garganica and T. transtagana collected from various locations. Thapsigargin, thapsigargicin, nortrilobolid and thapsivillosin I and J were dominant compounds in all organs of T. garganica whereas none of these compounds could be detected in any organ of T. transtagana. On the contrary, thapsitranstagin and trilobolid were main thapsigargins of T. transtagana. T. garganica may include two chemotypes, as trilobolid was detected in some specimens of T. garganica only. As this is the first time trilobolid has been detected in these two species, it was isolated from both and identified by 1H NMR-spectroscopy. chemotaxonomy, HPLC analysis, secretory spaces sesquiterpene lactones - thapsigargins, trilobolid REFERENCES Avato P , Jacobsen N, Smitt UW 1992 . Chemotaxonomy of Thapsia maxima Miller. Constituents of the essential oil of the fruits . The Journal of Essential Oil Research 4 : 467 – 473 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Avato P , Cornett C, Andersen A, Smitt UW, Christensen SB 1993 . Localization of the acyl groups in proazulene guaianolides from Thapsia translagana Brot. and Thapsia garganica L . Journal of Natural Products 56 : 411 – 415 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Brotero FA 1804 . Flora Lusitanica, I . Olissipone , 468 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Christensen SB , Larsen IK, Rasmussen U, Christophersen C 1982 . Thapsigargin and thapsigargicin, two histamine liberating sesquiterpene lactones from Thapsia garganica. X-ray analysis of the 7,11-epoxide of thapsigargin . Journal of Organic Chemistry 47 : 649 – 652 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Christensen SB , Norup E, Rasmussen U, Madsen JO 1984 . Structure of histamine releasing guaianolides from Thapsia species . Phytochemistry . 23 : 1659 – 1663 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Christensen SB , Andersen A, Lauridsen A, Moldt P, Smitt UW, Thastrup O 1992 . Thapsigargine: A lead to design of drugs with the calcium pump as target . In: Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Christensen SB. Kofod H eds. New leads and targets in drug research . alfred Benzon Symposium 33 . Copenhagen : Munksgaard , 243 – 252 . 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Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat Tutin TG 1968 . Thapsia L . In: Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walthers SM, Webb DA eds. Flora Europaea , vol. 2 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 370 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Willkomm M , Lange J 1880 . Prodromus Florae Hispanicae, II . Stuttgart, 27 . This content is only available as a PDF.
Breeding systems in Coriaria (Coriariaceae)THOMPSON, PETER, N.;GORNALL, RICHARD, J.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02592.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Species of Coriaria are wind-pollinated and self-compatible. Discrepancies in the literature regarding sex expression in the genus may be attributed to inter- and intra-floral dichogamy. The southern hemisphere species and the Himalayan C. terminalis are evergreen phanerophytes or high elevation hemicryptophytes, which flower on new wood. Their racemes are many-flowered and are produced singly (terminal) or more usually in pairs in the axils at each node, and contain protogynous, hermaphrodite flowers. The northern hemisphere species are deciduous phanerophytes, which flower on old wood. Their racemes are few-flowered but aggregated in axillary clusters of up to 12 per node; sex expression is andromonoecious or monoecious (depending on species), with inter-floral protandry and intra-floral protogyny. In this lineage of species the evolution of a deciduous habit, the presentation of an initial male phase (inter-floral protandry), and the aggregation of many, few-flowered racemes at each node are interpreted as responses to selection pressures in the seasonal climate of a northern, mixed woodland environment. andromonoecy, dichogamy, monoecy, self-compatibility, sex expression, wind pollination REFERENCES Allan HH 1961 . Flora of New Zealand 1 : Wellington : Government Printer , 300 – 305 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Axelrod DI 1966 . Origin of deciduous and evergreen habits in temperate forests . Evolution 20 : 1 – 15 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Bawa KS , Beach JH 1981 . Evolution of sexual systems in flowering plants . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 68 : 254 – 274 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Bertin RI 1993 . Incidence of monoecy and dichogamy in relation to self-fertilization in angiosperms . 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Andromonoecism, protandry and sexual selection in Umbelliferae . New Zealand Journal of Botany 19 : 335 – 338 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Webb DA 1968 . Coriariaceae . In: Tutin TG Heywood VH Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine DH, Walters SM, Webb DA eds. Flora Europaea 2 : 236 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC This content is only available as a PDF.
Archaeopteris (Progymnospermopsida) from the Devonian of southern AfricaANDERSON, HEIDI, M.;HILLER,, NORTON;GESS, ROBERT, W.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02593.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Archaeopteris notosaria sp. nov. based on one fertile and numerous sterile leafy branches is described from the Grahamstown By-Pass locality, Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) Upper Devonian, and represents the first unequivocal record of the genus in southern Africa. This occurrence is used, in its palaeogeographical context, to support the suggestion that climatic gradients in Late Devonian times were less steep than they are at present. ancient tree, fossil plant, geology, palaeobotany REFERENCES Anderson JM , Anderson HM 1983 . The Palaeoflora of Southern Africa: Molleno Formation (Triassic) , Vol. I . Part 1. Introduction. Part 2. Dicroidium. Rotterdam : AA Balkema . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Anderson JM , Anderson HM 1985 . The Palaeoflora of Southern Africa: Prodromus of Southern African Megafloras, Devonian to Lower Cretaceous . Rotterdam : AA Balkema . 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Late Devonian shoreline changes: an analysis of Witteberg Group stratigraphy in the Grahamstown area . South African Journal of Geology 95 : 203 – 212 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Kenrick P , Fairon-Demaret M 1991 . Archaeopteris roemeriana (Goppert) sensu Stockmans, 1948 from the Upper Famennian of Belgium: anatomy and leaf polymorphism . Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Siences de la Terre 61 : 179 – 195 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Kurtz F 1921 . Atlas de plantas fosiles de la Republica Argentina . Actas de la Academia nacional de ciencias Cordoba 7 : 129 – 153 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Loboziak S , Streel M, Caputo MV, De Melo JHG 1993 . Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous miospores from selected boreholes in Amazonas and Parnaiba basins (Brazil): Additional data, synthesis, and correlation . Documents Labaratoire de Géologie Lyon 125 : 277 – 289 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Plumstead EP 1967 . 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Karyology of Nonea Medicus (Boraginaceae) in Spain; relationships between genera of Boragineae Barbier & Mathez (Anchuseae DC.)LUQUE,, T.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02594.xpmid: N/A
Abstract In a survey of the karyology of Nonea, which completes an examination of Spanish Boragineae, the chromosome number for N. echioides (L.) Roemer & Shultes is reported for the first time. Relationships between the genera that are included in the tribe Boragineae are discussed, considering chromosomal and morphological characters and the habit of the plants. Anchusa, basic number, Borago, Brunnera, cytolaxonomy, Elizaldia, Lavatera, Pentaglottis, Pulmonaria, Symphytum REFERENCES Aryavand A 1975 . Contribution á l'Étude cytotaxonomique de quelque Angiospermes de l'Iran . Botaniska Notiser 128 : 299 – 311 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Aryavand A 1977 . In: Löve A ed. IOPB chromosome number reports LVII . Taxon 26 : 443 – 444 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Bolkhovskikh Z , Grift G, Matvejeva T, Zarharyeva O 1969 . Chromosome numbers of flowering plants . Leningrad . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Britton DM 1951 . 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Systematics of the genus Illicium L. (Illiciaceae) in MalesiaSAUNDERS, RICHARD M., K.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02588.xpmid: N/A
Abstract The classification of the genus Illicium L. (Illiciaceae) is revised within the Malesian phytogeographical region, using multivariate statistical analyses as required. Seven species are recognized, viz. I. kinabaluense A.C. Sm. (Sabah), I. peninsulare A.C. Sm. (Malay Peninsula), I. philippinense Merr. (Philippines), I. ridleyanum A.C. Sm. (Malay Peninsula), I. stapfii Merr. (Sabah and Sarawak), I. sumatranum A.C. Sm. (Sumatra) and I. tenuifolium (Ridl.) A.C. Sm. (Malay Peninsula, and newly recorded in Sumatra, Sabah and Sarawak). I. cauliflorum Merr. is reduced to synonymy with I. stapfii, and the existing infraspecific classification of I. tenuifolium is shown to be invalid. The implications of the present research on the supraspecific classification of the genus are discussed. A key is provided for the identification of taxa, with new taxonomic descriptions. 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