The taxonomy of Salvia: a test of two radically different numerical methodsEL-GAZZAR,, A.;WATSON,, L.;WILLIAMS, W., T.;LANCE, G., N.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00087.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Forty-one variations in calyx morphology and venation, stamen form, trichomes, style shape and aspects of habit and gross vegetative morphology were recorded for a cosmopolitan sample of 100 Salvia species. Comparative data were subjected to computation under two fundamentally different programs, multclas (a mixed-data method) and centclas (taxonomically crude, strictly qualitative). The resulting classifications were essentially similar, but not identical; and inspection suggests that the differences result largely from taxonomic distortion inherent in the centclas method. A classification of these Salvias is suggested, taken from the multclas hierarchy, which is fundamentally different from anything yet proposed by taxonomists. Of the five subgenera, only Calosphace has gained support; and of the twelve sections only Hymenosphace is homogeneous. The new scheme seems taxonomically reasonable, and is informative in that the groupings are consistent with observations other than those on which it was based. The main subdivision represents a distinction between Central and South American Salvias and the rest, and reflects variation in stylar morphology, though neither geography nor stylar form were subjected to computation. It is concluded that even OENTCLAS, used alone, could have greatly enhanced the taxonomic understanding of this well-known genus. REFERENCES BENTHAM , G. 1832 . Labiatarum Genera et Species . London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC BENTHAM , G. 1848 . In De Candolle, Prodromus , XII , Paris . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC BENTHAM , O. & HOOKER , J. D. 1876 . Genera Plantarum Vol . London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC BRIQUET , J. 1897 . In EnglerandFrantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien , Vol. 4 (3a and 3b). Leipzig . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC CAVE , M. S. 1958 . (ed.). Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers , 2 Vols . The University of North Carolina Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DARLINGTON , C. D. & WYLIE , A. P. 1955 . Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants , 2nd edition. London : George Allen & Unwin Ltd . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC EPLING , C. 1938 . A revision of Salvia: subgenus Calosphace I . Feddes Bepert. Spec. Nov. Beih . 110 ( 1 ): 1 – 160 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat EPLING , C. 1939 . A revision of Salvia: subgenus Calosphace. II . Feddes Bepert. Spec. Nov. Beih . 112 ( 2 ): 161 – 380 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat JANCEY , R. C. 1966 . Multidimensional group analysis . Aitst. J. Bot . 14 : 127 – 30 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat LANCE , G. N. & WILLIAMS , W. T. 1966 . Computer programs for hierarchical polythetio classification (‘similarity analyses’) . Comput. J . 9 : 60 – 4 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat LANCE , G. N. & WILLIAMS , W. T. 1967 . A general theory of classificatory sorting strategies. 1. Hierarchical systems . Comput. J . 9 : 373 – 80 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NEEDHAM , R. M. 1966 . The termination of certain iterative processes. Memorandum RM-5188-PR, Rand Corporation , California . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC STEWART , W. S. 1939 . Chromosome numbers of Californian Salvias . Am. J. Bot . 26 ( 8 ): 674 – 6 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat WATSON , L. WILLIAMS , W. T. & LANCE , G. N. 1966 . Angiosperm taxonomy: a comparative study of some numerical techniques . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 59 : 491 – 501 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat ZALEWSKA , Z. 1928 . Recherches sur ľévolution des étamines, considérée du point de vue de leur adaptation à la pollinisation des fleurs de la Sauge (Salvia) . Bull. int. Acad. pol. Sci. Lett . 3 ( 7 ): 133 – 60 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genus Cystoseira C.Ag.ROBERTS,, MARGARET
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00088.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Taxonomic and nomenclatural confusions encountered in a study of the British species of Cystoseira are discussed; a number of non-British species, problems of whose synonymy have become involved with those of the British species, are also included. Fucus concalenatus L. is shown to be a synonym of F. foeniculaceus L. The combination Cystosira nodicaulis (With.) M. Roberts replaces C. granulata (L.) Grev., as the name C. granulata is illegitimate and its type does not belong to this speoies. Fucus selaginoides L. is the earliest description of Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Huds.) Papenf., but the combination C. selaginoides cannot here be used since Naccari had earlier employed the name to described another species. The identity of the type specimen of Fucus barbatus L. and other descriptions of this species are considered. Cystoseira fimbriata (Desf.) Bory is the correct name for the species often referred to as C. abrotanifolia CAg. The species currently known as C. discors (L.) Ag. has no legitimate name. Cystoseira iisneoides (L.) M. Roberts is shown to be the correct name of the species known as C. concatenata Ag. Cystoseira selaginoides Nacc, C. sauvageauana Hamel and C. hoppii sensu Valiante are briefly discussed; the last has no legitimate name. REFERENCES BENTHAM , G. 1832 . Labiatarum Genera et Species . London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC AGARDH , C. A. 1820 . Species Algarum …, Vol. 1 , pars prior, pp. (4) +168, Lund . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC AGARDH , J. G. 1842 . Algae maris Mediterranei et Adriatici …, pp. ( 2 ) + X+164 , Paris . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC AGARDH , J. G. 1848 . Species, genera et ordines algarum Vol. 1 : Algas fucoideas complectens , pp. (4)+VIII+ 363, Lund . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC BLACKLER , H. 1961 . Phaeophyta (pp. 73–75). In Dixon, P. S., List of marine algae collected in the Channel Islands during the joint meeting of the British Phycological Society and the Société Phycologique de France. September 1960 . Br. phycol. Bull . 2 , ( 2 ): 71 – 80 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat SAINT-VINCENT , BORY DE J. B. G. M. 1832 . Cryptogamia (pp. 281 – 337 ). In Fauché, Brongniart, Chaubard and Bory de Saint-Vincent. Expédition scientifique de Morée. Section des Sciences physiques, Tome III, 2e partie . Botanique , pp. 367+ (1) , Paris and Strasbourg . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC SAINT-VINCENT , BOBY DE J. B. G. M. 1838 . Agamia (pp. 70-8). In Chaubard and Bory de Saint-Vincent, Nouvelle flore du Pélopponèse et des Cyclades ,…, pp. (8)+ 87+ (3) , Paris and Strasbourg . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC CROUAN , P. L. & CROUAN , H. M. 1862 . Algues merines du Finistére , Vol. 1 , Fucoïdées , pp. (8) + specimens 1–112 4-(4) , Brest. Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DE CANDOLLE , A. P. 1905 . In Lamarck and de Candolle, 1805. Flore François , …, 3rd Edition, Vol. 2 , pp. xii +600 , Paris . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DESFONTAINES , R. L. 1798 . Flora Atlantica , …, Vol. 2 , pp. 458 , Paris . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DESMAZIÈRES , J. B. H. J. 1836 . Plantes cryptogames de France , 2nd edition, Ser. 1, Fasc. 1, pp.(6) + specimens 1–50, Lille . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DE TONI , G. B. 1895 . Sylloge Algarum …, Vol. 3 , Fucoideae, pp. XVI + 600, Padua . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DIXON , P. S. 1959 . Notes on two important algal herbaria . Br. phycol. Bull . 1 ( 7 ): 36 – 42 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat DIXON , P. S. 1964 . Taxonomies and nomenolatural notes on the Florideae, IV . Bot. Notiser 117 : 56 – 78 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat DIXON , P. S. 1965 . Changing patterns of distribution in marine algae (pp. 109-15). ( Johnson C. G. and Smith L. P. eds) The Biological Significance of Climatic Changes in Britain … Institute of Biology Symposia No. 14 , pp. X + 222 , London and New York . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DRUCE , G. C. & VINES , S. H. 1907 . The Dillenian Herbaria , …, pp. cxii + 258 , Oxford . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC DE CANDOLLE , A. P. & DUBY , J. E. 1830 . Botanicon Gallicum , 2nd edition, Part 2, pp. (67)+ 545–1068+ lviii , Paris . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC ERCEGOVIĆ , A. 1952 . Sur les cystoseira adriatiquea Leur morphologie, écologie et évolution . Fauna et Flora Adriatwa , Vol. 2 , pp. (8)+ 202 , Split. OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ESPER , E. J. C. 1798 . Icones Fucorum , …, Vol. 1 , part 2, pp. 55 – 126 , Nuremburg . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC FELDMANN , J. 1931 . Contribution à la Flore algologique marine de ľAlgérie. Les Algues de Cherohell . Bull. Soc. Hist. not. Afr. N . 22 : 179 – 254 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat FELDMANN , J. 1937 . Les algues marines de la Côte des Albères. I-III Cyanophyceés, Chlorophycées Pheophycées Revue algol . 9 : 141 – 335 + (1–5) . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat FUNK , G. 1955 . Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Meeresalgen von Neapel zugleich mikrophotographischer Atlas . Pubbl. Staz. zool. Napoli 25 , Supplement: I-X +1–178 . GMEMN , S. G. 1768 . Historia Fucorum , pp. (8) + 6 + (4) + 239 , Leningrad . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC GOODENOUGH , S. & WOODWARD , T. J. 1797 . Observations on the British Fuoi, with particular descriptions of each species . Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond . 3 : 84 – 235 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat GREVILLE , R. K. 1830 . Algae Britannicae , …, pp. (4) + lxxxviii + 218 , Edinburgh and London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC GUERN , M. 1962 . Embryologie de quelques espèces du genre Cystoseira Agardh 1821 (FUCALES) (1) . Vie Milieu 13 : 649 – 79 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat HAMEL , G. 1939 . Pheophycées de France , fasc. 5, pp. 1-XLVII + 337–432 , Paris . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC HARVEY , W. H. 1851 . Phycologia Britannica, Vol. 3, pp. i-xiv, pls. (with text) 241–360 London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC HAUCK , F. 1883 . Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands und Oesterreichs. In Rabenhorst , L. Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz , 2nd Edition. Vol. 2 , pp. XXIII + (1) + 575 + (1) , Leipsig . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC HUDSON , W. 1762 . Flora Anglica , …,1st edition pp. VIII + (8) + 506 + (22) , London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC HUDSON , W. 1778 . Flora Anglica , …, 2nd edition, Tomus II , pp. 397 – 690 , London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC JUEL , H. O. & SVEDELIUS , N. 1936 . Joachim Burser's Hortus siccus mit Erklärungen herausgegeben . Symb. bot. upsal . 2 ( 1 ): I-V + (1–3)+1–187 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat KÜTZING , F. T. 1860 . Tabulae Phycologicae …, Band X , pp. iv + (4) + 39 + (1), pls. 1–100 , Nordhausen . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LAMOUROUX , J. V. F. 1813 . Essai sur les genres de la famille thalassiophytes non articuleés . Annls. Mus. Hist. not . 20 : 21 – 47 , 115 –39, 267 – 93 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat LANJOUW , J. 1961 . International Code of Botanical Nomenclature , pp. 372 , Utrecht . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LIGHTFOOT , J. 1777 . Flora Scotica , …, Vol. 2 , pp. (4)+ 531–1150+ (24) , London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LINNAEUS , C. 1753 . Speciesplantarum , …, 1st edition, Vol. 2 , pp. (2) + 561–1200 + (31) , Stockholm . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LINNAEUS , C. 1759 . Systema Naturae , …,10th edition. Vol. 2 (Regnum vegetabile), pp. (4) + 825–1384 , Stockholm . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LINNAEUS , C. 1763 . Species plantarum , …, 2nd edition, pp. (2)+ 785–1384 +(64) , Stockholm . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LINNAEUS , C. 1767a . Systema Naturae , …, 12th edition. Vol 2 , pp. 736 + (16) , Stockholm . 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PHYCEAE Fries (pp. 1–197). In Durieu de Maisonneuve, Exploration Scientifique de ĽAlgerie, …, Botanique. Cryptogamie, …, Part 1 . pp. (6) + II + 631 , Paris , 1846 – 69 . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC NACCARI , F. L. 1828a . Flora Veneta . …, Vol. 6 , pp. 133 + (4) , Venice . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC NACCARI , F. L. 1828b . Algologica adriatica , pp. 97 , Bologna . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC RAY , J. (& DILLENIUS , J. J. 1724 . Synopsis methodica stirpium britannicarum …., pp. (16) + 482 + (30) , London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC REAUMUR , R. A. F DE 1730 . Description des fleurs et des graines de divers Fucus, et quelques autres observations physiques sur ces mes plantes . Hist. Acad. Sci. Paris 1711 : (Mémoires), 282 – 301 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ROBERTS , M. 1967 . Studies on marine algae of the British Isles: 3. The genus Cystoseira. Br. Phycol. Bull . 3 ( 2 ): 343 – 66 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat ROYEN , A. van 1740 . Florae LeydensisProdromus, … , pp. (72) + 538 + (28) , Leyden . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC SAUVAGEAU , C. 1912 . A propos des Cystoseira de Banyuls et de Guéthary . Bull. Stn biol. Arcachon 14 : 133 – 556 (later issued as a reprint with change of pagination, pp. 1–424). OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat SAVAGE , S. 1935 . Studies in Linnaean synonymy. 1. Caspar Bauhin's'Pinax'and Burser's herbarium . Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond . 148 : 16 – 25 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat SAVAGE , S. 1937 . Caroli Linnaei. Determinationes in hortus siooum Joachimi Burseri. The text of the manuscript in the Linnaean collections Spenser Savage , F.L.S. Cat. Mss Lib. Linn. Soc. Lond . 2 : 1 – 78 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat SAVAGE , S. 1945 . 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Plantarum maritimarum in oris Angliae australibus sponte crescentium , …, pp. (2) + 9 + (l) + 8 + double sheet G + (2) + double sheets H-I, K-N, London and Bath . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Withering , W. 1796 . An arrangement of British plants ,…,3rd edition, Vol. 4 , pp. (4)+ 418 , London . WULFEN , F. X. 1787 . PlantaerarioresCarinthiacae. (pp. 186–364). In Jacquin, Collectanea Austriaca ad botanicum, chemiam et historiam naturalem spectantia , 1 : 1 – 386 . Vienna . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC This content is only available as a PDF.
Contributions to the morphology of the fern genus OleandraNAYAR, B., K.;BAJPAI,, NISHA;CHANDRA,, S.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00089.xpmid: N/A
Abstract The rhizome of Oleandra pistillaris and 0. wallichii is elongated (erect in the former, creeping in the latter), cylindrical, clothed with peltate, non-glandular, hairy paleae and bearing leaves in small clusters separated by long leafless portions. The ground tissue of the rhizome is composed of thick-walled parenchyma, and there is a peripheral sclerenchymatous sheath as well as a few scattered slender sclerenchyma strands in the pith close to the vascular cylinder. The vascular cylinder is dissected into a loose reticulum of slender meristeles by crowded, spirally arranged leaf gaps. In the ‘leafless’ portions of the rhizome these leaf gaps are associated with a solitary vestigial leaf trace: where well-developed leaves occur, each gap is associated with two or three leaf trace bundles. In 0. pistillaris, well developed leaves are in whorls at regular intervals; in 0. wallichii they are in small well-separated groups, each group consisting of two to six leaves in two irregular rows on the dorsal surface (i.e. leaves all along the ventral surface are suppressed). Leaves in both the species are simple with an entire, free-veined lamina and with an articulated stipe, the articulation being towards (but not at) the base and formed of an abscission pad. Branches of the rhizome are borne in pairs and each branch trace is a solitary cylindrical vascular strand, unaccompanied by any branch gap in the stelar cylinder. Sporangia are in circular sori placed in a row close to the midrib and protected by reniform indusia. The sporangial stalk bears glandular hairs, and is two cells thick except at the capsule base, where a short third row is developed secondarily during sporangial development as a protrusion from a lateral wall cell of the capsule base. The spores are of the bilateral type provided with a loose wrinkled perine: spinose excrescences occur over the exine as well as the perine. The prothallus is of the cordate type, bearing unicellular papillate hairs profusely on the surfaces and margin. It develops from a uniseriate germ-filament which develops into a prothallial plate by longitudinal divisions in the anterior cells. The terminal cell of the germ filament ends in a hair either prior to or immediately after the initiation of plate formation. A meristematic cell is formed early, either as a daughter cell of the terminal cell or of the penultimate cell. On the basis of morphological comparisons it is suggested that Oleandra is probably allied to the Aspidioid rather than to the Dennstaedtioid or Lindsaeoid groups of ferns. REFERENCES ALSTON , A. H. G. 1956 . The subdivision of the Polypodiaceae . Taxon 5 : 23 – 5 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BOWER , F. O. 1928 . The Ferns , Vol. 3 . 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Morphology of the gametophyte and young sporophyte of Muiteuccia orientalis (Hook.) Trev . J. Indian bot. Soc . 40 : 502 – 10 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. 1962a . Morphology of the spores and prothalli of some species of the Polypodiaceae . Bot. Gaz . 123 : 223 – 32 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. 1962 . Gametophytes of some species of Blechnum. J. Indian bot. Soc . 41 : 33 – 44 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. 1963a . Contributions to the morphology of some species of Microsorium. Ann. Bot . 27 : 89 – 100 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. 1963b . Contribution to the morphology of Leptochilus and Paraleptochilus . Am. J. Bot ., 50 : 301 – 9 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. 1964a . Palynology of modern pteridophyta. Chapter 6 (pp. 100-41) in Nair's Advances in Palynology . Lucknow : United Block Printers . 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Gdns., Lucknow 117 : 198 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & DEVI , S. 1964a . Spore morphology of Indian Ferns–i, Aspidiaceae . Grana palyn . 5 : 80 – 120 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & DEVI , S. 1964b . Spore morphology of Indian Fern–ii, Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae . Grana palyn . 5 : 222 – 46 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & DEVI , S. 1967 . Spore morphology of the Pteridaceae–iii, the Dicksonioid, Dennstaedtioid and Lindsaeoid ferns . Grana palyn . (In press). NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1963 . Contributions to the morphology of some species of Microlepia. J. Indian bot. Soc . 42 : 225 – 32 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1964 . Contribution to the morphology of Tectaria: Spores, prothalli and juvenile sporophytes . Bull. Torrey bot. Club . 91 : 95 – 105 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1965a . Morphological studies on Bolbitis and Egenolfia–I: The adult sporophytes of some species . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 59 : 127 – 40 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1965b . Morphological studies on Bolbitis and Egenolfia–II: The gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 59 : 141 – 54 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1965c . Spore morphology of the Lomariopsidaceae . J. Palynol . 1 : 10 – 26 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1966 . On the fern genera Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Lithostegia and Peranema. Bot. Not . 119 : 1 – 23 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. & KAUR , S. 1967 . Morphological studies on some Indian species of Schizoloma Gaud , (in the press). NAYAR , B. K. & KAZMI , F. 1963 . Ferns of India–x: Matteuccia. Bull. natn. bot. Gdns. Lucknow 82 : 1 – 18 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NAYAR , B. K. BAJPAI , N. & RAZA , F. 1966 . Morphological studies on some species of Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia and Stenochlœna: The gametophytes and the juvenile sporophytes . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 59 : 405 – 23 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat OGURA , Y. 1938 ., Anatomy and morphology of Oleandra wallichii (Hk.) Pr. Jap. J. Bot . 9 : 193 – 211 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat PANDEY , G. N. & MITRA , C. R. 1967 . Neriifoliol, a new pentacyclic triterpene alcohol from Oleandra neriifolia . Tetrahedron Letters , no. 15 : 1353 – 7 . PANDEY , G. N. & MITRA , C. R. 1967b . Triterpene hydrocarbons from Oleandra wallichii . Tetrahedron Letters (in the press). PICHI-SERMOLLI , R. E. G. 1959 . Pteridophyta. In Turril's Vistas in Botany . London : Fergamon Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC PICHI-SERMOLLI , R. E. G. 1965 . Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae xi, Oleandraceae . Webbia 20 : 745 – 69 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat STOKEY , A. G. 1951 . The contribution by the gametophyte to classification of the homosporous ferns . Phytomorphology 1 : 39 – 58 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat STOKEY , A. G. & ATKINSON , L. R. 1952 The gametophyte of Blechnum spicant (L.) Wither, and B. buehtienii Bosenst ., Phytomorphology 2 : 9 – 15 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat STOKEY , A. G. & ATKINSON , L. R. 1952 ., The gametophyte of Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Phytomorphology 2 : 1 – 9 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat STOKEY , A. G. & ATKINSON , L. R. 1957 . The gametophyte of some American species of Elaphoglossum and Rhipidopteria. Phytomorphology 7 : 275 – 92 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat STONE , I. G. 1961 . The gametophytes of the Victorian Blechnaceae . Aust. J. Bot . 9 : 320 – 36 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF.
Light- and electron-microscopical studies on the structure of salt glands of Tamarix aphylla L.SHIMONY,, CARMELA;FAHN,, A.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00090.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Cuttings of Tamarix aphylla were grown in various concentrations of NaCl. Salt glands on newly developed branches were sectioned and examined, both with the light- and with the electron-microscope. An electron-dense material appears in cuttings grown in all concentrations of NaCl at the anticlinal walls of the innermost pair of secretory cells and, to some extent, on the surface of the gland above the cuticle. In the glands of cuttings grown in high concentration of NaCl this material also appears in large quantities, not only on top of the gland but also beneath the cuticle at the region of the median anticlinal wall of the outermost pair of secretory cells. The material beneath the cuticle is connected to the electron-dense material on the outer surface of the cuticle via the secretory pores. It is suggested that this material is of pectic nature and forms a continuous system with the walls and wall protuberances of the secretory cells which are also very rich in pectic substances. As pectic substances absorb solutions easily they may enhance the transport of salt. Many proplastids, vacuoles with simple structure and others with infolded membranes as well as numerous mitochondria were observed in the secretory cells. In the walls between the collecting cells and the innermost secretory cells there are numerous plasmodesmata with characteristically arranged membranes. REFERENCES BERNSTEIN , L. 1961 . Osmotic adjustment of plants to saline media. I. Steady state . Am. J. Bot . 48 : 909 – 18 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BISALPUTRA , T. & BISALPUTRA , A. A. 1967 . The occurrence of DNA fibrils in chloroplasts of Laurencia spectabilis.J. Ultrastruct. Res . 17 : 14 – 22 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BRUNNER , C. 1909 . Beiträge zur vergleichenden Anatomic der Tamaricaceae . Jb. wiss. Anst. Hamburg . 1909 : 89 – 162 . CAMPBELL , C. J. & STRONG , J. E. 1964 . Salt gland anatomy in Tamarix pentandra. S. West. Nat . 9 : 232 – 8 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat FREY-WYSSLING , A. & MÜHLETHALER , K. 1965 . Ultrastructural Plant Cytology . Amsterdam : Elsevier Publ. Co . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LÜTTGE , U. 1966 . Untersuchungen zur physiologic der Carnivoren-Drüsen. V. Mitteilung: Mikroautoradio-graphische Untersuchungen der Chloridsecretion durch das Drüsengewebe von Nepenthes. Planta 68 : 269 – 85 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat PHILPOTT , C. W. & COPELAND , D. E. 1963 . Fine structure of chloride cells from three species of Fundulus. J. Cell. Biol . 18 : 389 – 404 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat RUHLAND , W. 1915 . Untersuohungen über die Hautdrüsen der Flumbaginaceen. Ein Beitrag zur Biologie . Jb. wiss. Bot . 55 : 409 – 98 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat SCHNEPF , E. 1964a . Über ZellWandstrukturen bei Köpfchendrüsen der Schuppenblätter von Lathraea clandestina L. Planta 60 : 473 – 82 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat SCHNEPF , E. 1964b . Zur Cytologieund Physiologie pflanzlioher Drüsen. IV. Teil: Licht und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuohungen an Septalnektarien . Protoplaama 58 : 137 – 71 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat THOMSON , W. W. & LIU , L. L. 1967 . Ultrastructural features of the salt gland of Tamarix aphylla L . Planta 73 : 201 – 20 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat ZIEOLEK , H. & LÜTTGE , U. 1966 . Die Salzdrüsen von Limonium vulgare . I . Mitteilung : Die Feinstruktur . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC This content is only available as a PDF.
The Hymenophyllaceae of CeylonSLEDGE, W., A.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00091.xpmid: N/A
REFERENCES ALSTON , A. H. G. 1929 . The flora of Maragalakande . Ann. R. bot. Gdns. Peradeniya 11 : 210 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BEDDOME , R. H. 1883 . Handbook to the ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula . Calcutta : Thacker, Spink & Co . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC BROWNLIE , G. 1958 . Chromosome numbers in New Zealand Ferns . Trans. R. Soc. N.Z . 85 : 213 – 16 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPELAND , E. B. 1933 . Trichomanes . Phillipp. J. Sci . 51 ( 2 ): 110 – 280 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPELAND , E. B. 1937 . Hymenophyllum . Phillipp. J. Sci . 64 ( 1–2 ): 1 – 188 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPELAND , E. B. 1938 . Genera Hymenophyllacearum . Phillipp. J. Sei . 67 ( 1 ): 1 – 110 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat WALKER , T. G. 1966 . A cytotaxonomio survey of the Pteridophytes of Jamaica . Trans. R. Soc. Edin . 66 ( 9 ): 169 – 237 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WILLIS , J. C. 1911 . A revised Catalogue of the indigenous Flowering Plants and Ferns of Ceylon. Peradeniya Manuals No. 2 . Colombo . Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF.
Structure and ontogeny of stomata in some CaryophyllaceaePANT, DIVYA, DARSHAN;KIDWAI, PARVEEN, F.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00092.xpmid: N/A
REFERENCES METCALFE , C. R. & CHALK , L. 1950 . Anatomy of the dicotyledons . Vol. I . lxiv + 724 , Oxford . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC PANT , D. D. 1965 . On the ontogeny of stomata and other homologous structures . Pl. Sci. Ser . 1 : 1 – 24 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat PANT , D. D. & KIDWAI , P. 1964 . On the diversity in the development of stomata in Phyla nodiflora Michx . Curr. Sci . 33 ( 21 ): 563 – 4 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat PANT , D. D. & MEHRA , B. 1963 . Development of caryophyllaceous stomata in Asteracantha longifolia . Ann. Bot . 27 ( 108 ): 647 – 52 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat STEBBINS , G. L. 1965 . From gene to character in higher plants . Am. Scient . 53 : 104 – 26 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat TOGNINI , F. 1897 . Contribuzione allo studio della organogenie comparata degli stomi . Atti 1st. bot. Univ. Lab. crittogram. Pavia 4 : 1 – 42 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat VESQUE , J. 1881 . Ľanatomie des tissue appliquée a la classification des plantes . Archs Mus. natn. Hist, not., Paris, Ser. 2 4 : 1 – 56 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat VESQUE , J. 1889 . De ľemploi des charactères anatomiques dans la clssification des végétaux . Bull. Soc. bot. Fr . 30 : 41 – 77 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF.
Reproductive biology of the Pteridophyta: 1. General considerations and a study of Onoclea sensibilis L.KLEKOWSKI, EDWARD, J.;LLOYD, ROBERT, M.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00093.xpmid: N/A
Abstract Many pteridophytes are capable of two levels of selling, intra and intergametophytic. Since intragametophytio selling (the origin of both gametes from one gametophyte) results in zygotic homozygosity, this introduces a factor in pteridophyte evolution seldom contemplated. Morphological and genetic techniques are presented which may give an estimate of the frequency of intragametophytic selfing in nature. Morphological criteria such as the sequence of the development and the spatial arrangement of the gametangia may be indicative of the importance of intragametophytic selfing in the mating system. Estimates of the genetic load (sporophytio lethals) in a population are related to the frequency of the occurrence of intragametophytio selfing. Onoclea sensibilis L. morphologically has a mating system which gives a low probability of intragametophytio selfing. A genetic load was found in this species. REFERENCES ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1923 . The genetics of variegation in a fern . J. Genet . 13 : 9 – 11 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1927 . Note on some characters in ferns subject to Mendelian inheritance . Hereditas 9 : 157 – 68 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1928 . The inheritance of variegation in some ferns . Verb. V. Intern. Kongr. Vererbungswiss. Berlin 1 : 382 – 3 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1929 . A genetical investigation in Scolopendrium vulgare. Hereditas 12 : 109 – 78 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1930 . Variegation in three species of ferns (Polystichum angulare, Lastrea atrata and Scolopendrium vulgare) . Z. induht. Abstamm.- u. VererbLehre 56 : 115 – 201 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1931 . The genetics of ferns . Biblphia genet . 8 : 269 – 94 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ANTDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1936 . On the comparative development of alternating generations, with special reference to ferns . Svensk bot. Tidskr . 30 : 57 – 78 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ANDERSSON-KOTTÖ , I. 1938 . Genetics, in Manual of Pteridology , ( Verdoorn Fr (Ed.)). The Hague Netherlands . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC ATKINSON , L. R. 1961 . The Schizaeaceae: The gametophyte of Mohria. Phytomorphology 10 : 351 – 67 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ATKINSON , L. R. 1962 . The Sohizaeaceae: The gametophyte of Anemia. Phytomorphology 12 : 264 – 88 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ATKINSON , L. R. & STOKEY , A. G. 1964 . Comparative morphology of the gametophyte . Phytomorphology 14 : 51 – 70 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BEEKS , R. M. 1955 . Improvements in the squash technique for plant chromosomes . Aliso 3 : 131 – 3 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat CAMPBELL , D. H. 1906 . The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns . New York . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC CHIARUGI , A. 1960 . Tavole cromosomiohe delle pteridophyta . Caryologia 13 : 27 – 150 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat DOBZHANSKY , TH & SPASSKY , B. 1953 . Genetics of natural populations. XXI. Concealed variability in two sympatrio species of Drosophila. Genetics 38 : 471 – 84 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat DOBZHANSKY , TH & SPASSKY , B. 1963 . Genetios of natural populations. XXXIV. Adaptive norm, genetic load and genetic elite in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 48 : 1467 – 85 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat DÖPP , W. 1950 . Eine die Antberidienbildung bei Famen fördernde Substanz in den Frothallien von Pteridium agullinum (L.) Kuhn . Ber. dt. hot. Ges . 63 : 139 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat FABBRI , F. 1963 . Primo supplemento alle tavole cromosomiche delle Pteridophyta di Alberto Chiarugi . Caryologia 16 : 237 – 335 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat FABBBI , F. 1965 . Secondo supplemento alle tavole cromosomiche delle Pteridophyta di Alberto Chiarugi . Caryologia 18 : 675 – 728 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat KLEKOWSKI , E. J. BAKER , H. G. 1966 . Evolutionary significance of polyploidy in the Pteridophyta . Science, N.Y . 153 : 305 – 7 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat LANG , W. H. 1923 . On the genetic analysis of a heterozygote plant of Scolopendrium vulgare . J. Genet . 13 : 167 – 75 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat LEWIS , K. R. & JOHN , B. 1964 . The Matter of Mendelian Heredity London . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC NÄF , U. 1958 . On the physiology of antheridium formation in the bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn . PhysiologicaPl . 11 : 728 – 46 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat NÄF , U. 1965 . On antheridial metabolism in the fern species Onoclea sensibilis L . Plant Physiol . 40 : 888 – 90 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat STOKEY , A. G. 1950 . The gametophyte of the Gleicheniaceae . Bull. Torrey bot. Club 77 : 323 – 39 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat TRYON , A. F. 1964 . Platyzoma–a Queensland fern with incipient heterospory . Am. J. Bot . 51 : 939 – 42 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat VOELLER , B. R. 1964 . Gibberellins: Their effect on antheridium formation in fern gametophytes. Science N.Y . 143 : 373 – 5 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WALKER , E. R. 1921 . The gametophytes of Equisetum laevigatum. Bot. Gaz . 71 : 378 – 91 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WALKER , E. R. 1931 . The gametophytes of three species of Equisetum. Bot. Gaz . 92 : 1 – 22 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WALKER , E. R. 1937 . The gametophytes of Equisetum scirpoides. Am. J. Bot . 24 : 40 – 43 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WALKER , T. G. 1958 . Hybridization in some species of Pteris. Evolution 7 : 82 – 92 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WALKER , T. G. 1962 . Cytology and evolution in the fern genus Pteris. L . Evolution 16 : 27 – 43 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WILKIE , D. 1956 . Incompatibility in bracken . Heredity 10 : 247 – 56 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WILKIE , D. 1963 . Genetic analysis of variation in the bracken prothallus . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 58 : 333 – 6 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Footnotes * Now at Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This content is only available as a PDF.
The phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significanceII. MonocotyledonsBATE-SMITH, E., C.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00094.xpmid: N/A
Abstract The phenolic constituents of the monocotyledons are generally similar to those of the dicotyledons. Ellagic acid is, however, absent and the other ‘regular’ trihydroxy-substituted constituents myricetin and leucodelphinidin are only rarely present. Leucocyanidin is also relatively uncommon. The tendency evident in the dicotyledons for leuco-anthocyanins and flavonols to be less frequently, and navones and methoxy-substituted aromatic acids to be more frequently present in herbaceous than in woody plants is supported by the present data. Glycoflavones, i.e. navones carbon-carbon substituted with glycosyl residues, occur more frequently than in the dicotyledons, especially in the Gramineae, Iridaceae and Liliaceae. In the Iridaceae the glycoxanthone mangiferin is also frequently present. In the last family, the genera Crocus and Iris have been examined in detail. In Iris, where there is considerable morphological diversity, the chemical data support the recognized division of the genus on morphological grounds. In Crocus, where the division of the genus is less clear-cut, there is corresponding difficulty in ascertaining distinctions on chemical grounds. The bearing of the chemical evidence on possible phylogenetio relationships within the monocotyledons, and as between the monocotyledons and the dicotyledons is discussed. REFERENCES BATE-SMITH , E. C. 1961 . Chromatography and taxonomy in the Rosaceae, with special reference to Potentilla and Primus . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 58 : 39 – 54 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BATE-SMITH , E. C. 1962 . Phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significance. I. Dicotyledons J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 58 : 95 – 173 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BATE-SMITH , E. C. 1965 . Recent progress in the chemical taxonomy of the phenolic constituents of plants . Mem. Soc. bot. Fr ., 16 – 28 . BATE-SMITH , E. C. & SWAIN , T. 1967 . New Ieuco-anthocyanins in grasses . Nature, Lond . 213 : 1033 – 4 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BURKILL , I. H. 1960 . Organography and evolution of Dioscoreaceae, the family of the Yams . J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 56 : 319 – 412 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat DUEWELL , H. 1954 . Studies on Xanthorrhoea resins. Part I. Isolation of chrysophanic acid and 2′:4-dihydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone . J. chem. Soc . 2562 – 4 . DYKES , W. R. 1912 . The genus Iris . Cambridge University Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC ENGLER , A. 1964 . Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien , 12th. edition, ( Melchior H. (Ed.)), II Band , Angiospermen Berlin : Borntraeger . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC HABBOBNE , J. B. 1965 . Characterisation of flavonoid glycosides by acidic and enzymie hydrolysis . Phytochem . 4 : 107 – 20 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat HABBOBNE , J. B. 1967 . Comparative biochemistry of the flavonoids . London and New York : Academic Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC HARBORNE , J. B. & HALL , E. 1964 . The occurrence of tricin and glycoflavones in grasses . Phytochem . 3 : 421 – 8 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat HAGNAUER , B. 1963 . Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen , Band 2 , Monocotyledonae Basel u Stuttgart : Birkhäuser Verlag . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC LOWE , J. 1961 . The Phylogeny of monocotyledons . New Phytol . 60 , 355 – 71 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat MAW , G. 1886 . The genus Crocus . Dulau . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC PEARL , I. A. BEYER , D. L. & LASKOWSKI , D. 1959 , 1961 . Alkaline hydrolysis of representative palms . TAPPI 42 : 779 – 82 , 44 : 586 –9. OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat SPORNE , K. R. 1949 . A new approach to the problem of the primitive flower . New Phytol . 48 : 259 – 76 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WILLIAMS , A. H. 1967 . Phenolic compound of Srnilax glyciphylla . Phytochem . 6 : 1583 – 4 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat WILLIS , J. C. 1951 . A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns , 6th edition. Cambridge University Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC WRIGLEY , T. C. 1960 . Ayapin, scopoletin and 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin from Dendrobium thyrsiflorum , Nature (Lond.) , 188 : 1108 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF.
Cytotaxonomic studies on Indian Commelinaceae: A reviewRAO, ROLLA, S.;KAMMATHY, R., V.;RAGHAVAN, R., SUNDARA
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00095.xpmid: N/A
Abstract The review summarizes the progress achieved in the revision of the Indian species of Commelinaceae and analyses how far the synthetic approach coupled with orthodox taxonomy has helped to clarify the many ambiguities prevalent in the family. Cytotaxonomic studies have definitely contributed to a proper understanding of such genera as Commelina, Cyanotis (sensu lato) and Pollia, and also the various ‘species complexes’ in the above genera, though the evidence is not as forthright with reference to Aneilema and Murdannia. In the genus Commelina, polyploidy has played a rather prominent role in speciation, and intra-specific aneuploidy is relatively of minor significance. The main evolutionary trend follows the pattern with predominantly x = 15 for a majority of both the Indian and African species and even though a few African species do exhibit x = 14, this basic number is infrequent and at any rate not encountered in any of the Indian species analysed so far. In sharp contrast to this, in the genus Cyanotis, both inter- and intra-specific polyploidy is very much restricted, but judging from the recent trends both in Indian and African populations, intra-specific aneuploidy has to be reckoned as a factor for further speciation within the genus. All the Indian species of Cyanotis analysed so far share a common basic number x = 12, but nevertheless there is an increasing evidence of secondary basic numbers such as, x = 8, 11 and 13 in at least a few random populations involving three species of Cyanotis. Moreover, both taxonomic and cytological data favour the splitting up of Cyanotis (sensu lato) into three distinct genera, Amischophacelus Holla Rao et Kammathy, Belosynapsis Hassk. and Cyanotis D. Don (sensu stricto). There is ample data to justify the separation of Murdannia Royle from Aneilema (sensu lato). The evolutionary trend in Murdannia seems to follow two different patterns, one with a basic number of x = 10 and the other with x = 6, both the patterns probably arising from a common extinct ancestor with x = 5. Preliminary observations on the Indian species of Aneilema R.Br, (sensu stricto) suggest a basic number of x = 14 (7?) in sharp contrast to x = 13, widely prevalent in a majority of the African species of Aneilema. In Murdannia and Aneilema, polyploidy and also aneuploidy are quite common and these two genera offer a fertile field for further study. There does not seem to be any justification for the separation of Aclisia from Pollia. In Streptolirion, intraspecific aneuploidy coupled with structural differentiation of chromosomes Seems to be responsible for further evolution of new varieties within the species. Cytological data favour the retention of Floscopa in tribe Tradescantieae rather than in Commelineae where Brückner has placed it. The various species complexes that had baffled the taxonomists especially in Commelina, Cyanotis and Murdannia have been critically analysed and their affinities clarified, on the basis of the present observations and study, 80 species under ten genera have so far been established, representing the Indian sub-continent. REFERENCES ANDERSON , E. & SAK , K. 1936 . A cytological monograph of the American species of Tradescantia. Bot. Gaz . 97 : 433 – 76 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BARNES , E. 1946 . Some observations on South Indian Commelinas; two new species of Commelina from South India . J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc . 46 : 70 – 89 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BLATTER , E. 1928 . New Commelinaceae from the Western ghats . J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc . 33 : 73 – 7 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BOWDEN , W. M. 1940 . Diploidy, polyploidy and winter hardiness relationships in the flowering plants . Am. J. Bot . 27 : 357 – 71 . 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Rao in the symposium on ‘The broadening basis of classification’ held at the X Int. Bot. Congress, 1964, Edinburgh. This content is only available as a PDF.
Evolution in Spartina (Gramineae): II. Chromosomes, basic relationships and the problem of S. ×townsendii aggMARCHANT, C., J.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00096.xpmid: N/A
Abstract An intensive study of the cytology and sexual behaviour of the classical Spartina x townsendii agg. and their putative parents in southern England reveals a more complex chromosomal situation than had previously been reported, including aneusomaty in Southampton S. alterniflora populations and in S. x townsendii agg. Chromosome numbers are 2n = 60 and 2n = 62 for S. maritima and S. alterniflora respectively and 2n = 62 and 2n = 120, 122 and 124 (chromosome races) for S. x townsendii F1 and Amphidiploid derivatives respectively. These numbers, though their summation is less precise than hitherto reported, still support the hybridity and amphidiploid origin of S. x townsendii agg. and the process is further confirmed by meiotic pairing data and the discovery of wild backcross hybrids (2n = c.90 and 2n = 76) near the site of origin at Southampton. The 2n = 62 chromosome number of S. alterniflora, out of line with the x = 10 base number of the genus, is explained as a polysomic condition (2n = 60+ 2) and needs further investigation with a study of North American populations. It is suggested that chromosome races found in S. x townsendii Amphidiploid will provide adaptive variation in this highly significant and successful amphidiploid. REFERENCES AVDULOV , N. 1931 . Karyo-systematische Untersuchungder Familie Gramineen . Bull. appl. Bot., Genet. Pl. Breeding. Suppl . 44 : 171 – 3 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BAENZIGER , H. 1962 . Supernumerary chromosomes in diploid and tetraploid forms of crested wheat-grass . Can. J. Bot . 40 : 549 – 61 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BELL , G. D. H. 1950 . Investigations in the Triticinae. 1. Colchicine techniques for chromosome doubling in interspecific and intergeneric hybridization . J. agric. Sci . 40 : 9 – 10 . 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