Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry

LI, C. Y.; YAM, L. T.; LAM, K. W.

doi: 10.1177/18.7.473pmid: 4914571

Acid phosphatase in human leukocytes was examined in a large number of patients with a variety of hematologic diseases. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia the total leukocyte acid phosphatase activity was markedly decreased. This was due to the drastic increase of enzyme-poor leukemic lymphocytes and the concomitant decrease of enzyme-rich monocytes and neutrophils. Further examination by disc gel electrophoresis revealed that the leukocytes in this disease contained only one of the five acid phosphatase isoenzymes present in a normal leukocyte preparation. Total acid phosphatase activity was not significantly altered in other hematologic disorders, yet different ratios of the isoenzymes shown by disc gel electrophoresis were observed in Hodgkin's disease, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis and leukemic reticuloendotheliosis.

GOLDFISCHER, SIDNEY; ESSNER, EDWARD

doi: 10.1177/18.7.482pmid: 5432017

Peroxisomes (microbodies) of a strain of acatalasemic mice (Csb) are, paradoxically, more rapidly and intensely stained than those of the wild type (Csa) when incubated in a diaminobenzidine medium that demonstrates the peroxidatic activity of catalase. Biochemical studies have shown that the mutant catalase is unstable and is rapidly inactivated by heat with loss of catalatic activity. Our results indicate that the inactivated catalase of the acatalasemic mutant is an active peroxidase that oxidizes both diaminobenzidine and benzidine at neutral and alkaline pH and at 15 and 37°C and is resistant to the catalase inhibitor, 3 amino-1,2,4-triazole.

OSTROWSKI, K.; BARNARD, E. A.; SAWICKI, W.; CHORZELSKI, T.; LANGNER, A.; MIKULSKI, A.

doi: 10.1177/18.7.490pmid: 4914572

Immunoglobulins specific for cellular antigens of several types were treated with 3H-acetic anhydride in conditions which were shown to introduce three to four 3H-acetyl groups per molecule, with very high retention of the antibody titers. Methods were established for application of these labeled globulins in an autoradiographic procedure. The results show that localization of cell-bound antigens can be demonstrated by this method, by silver grain concentrations at sites that correspond to those demonstrated by the same globulins labeled with a fluorescent marker. A control nonimmune globulin was reacted similarly and gave no labeling of the same tissues. The advantage of the isotopic method would be the relative quantitation that it is, in principle, capable of yielding.

BRIÈRE, NORMAND

doi: 10.1177/18.7.498pmid: 4194116

Certain areas in preneoplastic livers of rats fed the azo dye 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene are characterized by intense ribonucleic acid (RNA) staining and possibly represent the sites of neoplastic transformation. Cytoplasmic RNA responsible for increased basophilia in the hyperbasophilic foci and hepatomas was selectively extracted by incubating liver sections for short periods in solutions containing low concentrations of ribonuclease, without apparently altering basophilia in surrounding tissue. Moreover, experiments on protein staining confirmed that the RNA responsible for hyperbasophilia is the one that binds to and masks the cytoplasmic proteins in these sites. Since hyperbasophilia in sites of neoplastic transformation and liver tumors results from the presence of some RNA which is more sensitive to mild ribonuclease treatment than normally occurring RNA, it is suggested that it might be either a normal type or an altered form of RNA present in excess.

MATERAZZI, GIOVANNI; FERRETTI, ELIGIO

doi: 10.1177/18.7.504pmid: 4194117

Acetylation abolishes the metachromatic staining of certain mucins, specifically of those that stain metachromatically at pH 2.3-3.0 and in which the metachromasia is produced by oxidation with chromic acid. Mucopolysaccharides that stain metachromatically at pH 1.5 or after sulfation stain metachromatically even after acetylation. Neuraminidase treatment abolishes in some substrates (demilunes of the submandibular gland of Canis familiaris, mucous cells of the submandibular gland of Bos taurus and Ovis aries) the chromotropy and alcianophilia, whereas in others (mucous cells of the submandibular gland of Canis familiaris, demilunes of the submandibular gland of Felis catus) it causes only a weakening of these reactions, which disappear after successive acetylation. Infrared spectra of histologic sections show the appearance of a peak at 1730 cm–1 after acetylation. These studies indicate that acetylation blocks the carboxylic groups of sialic acids or of other mucins and neuraminidase-resistant sialic acid-containing substances. Infrared spectrophotometric analysis shows the presence of ester linkages upon acetylation, but does not exclude the possible formation of δ-lactones.

DOUGLAS, WILLIAM H. J.

doi: 10.1177/18.7.510pmid: 4317317

A method is presented for the extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid from thin sections of tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in water-insoluble epoxy resin. Incubation of thin sections in 20% perchloric acid at 60°C for 8 hr produced electron-transparent bands in the polytene chromosomes from Drosophila salivary glands. Chromosome bands were also rendered electron-transparent when hydroxypropylmethacrylate-embedded thin sections were digested with deoxyribonuclease or extracted with perchloric acid. Nucleolar ribonucleic acid was unaffected by the perchloric acid extraction.

KAPLOW, LEONARD S.

doi: 10.1177/18.7.515pmid: 4194118

BIENENSTOCK, JOHN; DOLEZEL, JOSEF

doi: 10.1177/18.7.518pmid: 4194119

BORGERS, M.; VAN DEN BOSSCHE, H.; SCHAPER, J.

doi: 10.1177/18.7.519pmid: 4317318

HOLMES, ELIZABETH J.

doi: 10.1177/18.7.521pmid: 5432018