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MANCINI, R. E.; VILAR, O.; GOMEZ, C.; DELLACHA, J. M.; DAVIDSON, O. W.; CASTRO, A.
doi: 10.1177/9.4.356pmid: 14469151
Rat serum proteins were labelled in vitro with a fluorescent dye, acid rhodamine B, C.I. No. 45100, using Chadwick's method. Labeled serum was injected intravenously in albino rats weighing 150-200 gm, in doses of 0.8 cc/100 gm body weight. Biochemical and histological findings indicate that there is an equilibrium among serum proteins, connective tissue (as temporary place for storage of these) and reticuloendothelial system, thyroid, ovary and renal tubuli contorti cells (as a place for prolonged deposit of serum proteins).
doi: 10.1177/9.4.363pmid: N/A
A technique for rapidly preparing a large number of paired and uniformly good quality frozen sections has been described in terms of specific procedures followed and apparatus required. Two innovations were noted: 1) a microtome chuck that allows precise alignment of two tissue blocks that are to be cut simultaneously, and 2) a heating tray for microslides that enables a controlled amount of heat to be applied to a small section of a slide that is subsequently used in "jump" mounting of two freshly cut sections.
doi: 10.1177/9.4.368pmid: 13915746
Both aqueous and alcoholic variants of a periodic acid N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine method selectively impart color and fluorescence to neutral mucopolysaccharides. The aqueous method reveals differences in reactivity of various neutral polysaccharides. Prolonged staining of histologic sections with the aqueous variant superimposes a different coloration of acid mucins. This procedure offers advantages in differentiating periodate reactive from periodate negative acid mucopolysaccharides and in demonstrating mixtures of acid and neutral mucins in certain organs and cells.Removal of basophilia by active methylation or sialidase digestion changes the periodate diamine staining of acid mucins to that characteristic of neutral mucins; sulfation of tissue sections induces the converse effect.
KERN, HAROLD L.; GRANT, W. MORTON
doi: 10.1177/9.4.380pmid: 14455291
Acidic and basic dyes react preferentially with the mucoproteins of beef corneal stroma. Free carboxyl groups of the mucoproteins can combine readily with cations; additional reaction with ions seems to involve an unmasking of charged groups in these proteins. Most of the dyes studied apparently react as aggregates in 0.02 M solution, and are fully dissociated only in much more dilute solution. The state of aggregation of methylene blue has a pronounced effect on the affinity with which this dye combines with the tissue, but the chemical reaction is limited, nevertheless, to the corneal mucoproteins.
THORBECKE, G. J.; OLD, L. J.; BENACERRAF, B.; CLARKE, D. A.
doi: 10.1177/9.4.392pmid: 13920997
Under conditions in which the activity of the reticuloendothelial system is enhanced, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities of the mouse liver are increased. The acid phosphatase activity is localized in Kupffer cells, whereas the increased alkaline phosphatase activity is found within the endothelial linings of sinusoids. Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity occur earlier than those in acid phosphatase activity. The increase in acid phosphatase, but not the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, could be inhibited by cortisone. Similar changes in alkaline phosphatase activity have been observed following histamine or serotonin injections and after partial hepatectomy. Peritoneal cells from mice infected with B.C.G. strain tubercle bacilli display more acid phosphatase activity than such cells from normal mice.
WARREN, LEONARD; SPICER, SAMUEL S.
doi: 10.1177/9.4.400pmid: 14005054
The mucins elaborated in the mucification reaction of the vagina of the rat and mouse, like salivary mucins, show the histochemical properties of a nonsulfated acid mucopolysaccharide. In the mouse these have been identified as sialomucins on tile basis of the elimination of basophilia from tissue sections by specific digestion with purified sialidase. However, the removal of sialic acid effected by sialidase is not accompanied by an alteration in periodic acid Schiff staining and hence extensive degradation of the polymer does not take place.Sialidase alters the staining of mouse sialomucins quickly in the sublingual gland, relatively slowly in the vagina and even more slowly in the submaxillary gland. Digestion with the enzyme fails to alter staining reactions in the siahic acid-rich, histochemically similar mucin in the salivary gland and vagina of the pregnant rat, and fails to release sialic acid either from histologic sections or homogenates of these rat organs.Changes in the sialic acid level in the vagina during the oestrous cycle parallel the cyclic variations of the amount of mucin observed histochemically. Both are consistently elevated in pregnancy. The sialic acid concentration is low and mucin is absent in oestradiol treated pre-ovulatory mice, but these increase with subsequent progesterone treatment.Identification of the sialic acid by means of paper chromatography reveals that the rat and mouse vagina and sublingual and submaxillary glands all contain N-acetylneuraminie acid and that mouse vagina and rat submaxillary gland also contain N-glycolylneuraminic acid. An un-identified form of neuraminic acid with rapid mobility in two solvents is present in the rat submaxillary gland.
BIRGE, WESLEY J.; TIBBITTS, F. DONALD
doi: 10.1177/9.4.409pmid: 13869363
The principal objective of this study was to determine the relative effect of the concentration of small, mobile ions in fixing solutions on cellular shrinkage and distortion occurring during fixation or in the subsequent processing of tissues by the paraffin method.Samples of rat liver tissue were fixed in neutral 20% formalin, neutral 20% formalin/0.7% sodium chloride, Bouin's fluid, and Bouin's fluid/0.7% sodium chloride. By a comparison of nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes, it was noted that in the case of formalin fixation, the addition of 0.7% sodium chloride reduced nuclear and cytoplasmic shrinkage by 18-26%. In Bouin fixation the addition of 0.7% sodium chloride reduced nuclear shrinkage by 7-10% and cytoplasmic shrinkage by approximately 21%.It was also shown that when the sodium chloride is omitted, neutral 20% formalin is significantly less effective than Boumin's fluid in stabilizing the cytoplasm of liver parenchymal cells against shrinkage.In those instances in which tissue shrinkage was minimized by the addition of sodium chloride to the fixing medium, the final preparations revealed less tissue distortion and a more adequate preservation of fine detail. Some mention is also made of differences incurred in staining reactions of liver tissue following the use of sodium chloride containing fixatives.
CARR, LAWRENCE B.; RAMBO, OSCAR N.; FEICHTMEIR, THOMAS V.
doi: 10.1177/9.4.415pmid: 13876810
A rapid and simple method for selective staining of calcium in histologic sections depends on the formation of an insoluble, colored and doubly refractile complex between the calcium cation and chloranilic acid derived from aqueous solution. The method is described.
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