Journal of Forestry

Ma, Zhao; Steele, Diana; Cutler, Aurora; Newcomb, Katie

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz067pmid: N/A

How employees think about and act upon sustainability is important for public natural-resource agencies. We analyzed survey data from 8,875 USDA Forest Service employees to assess their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perceived opportunities and constraints for promoting broadly defined sustainability. Most survey respondents considered promoting sustainability important to Forest Service’s work, particularly to on-the-ground natural-resource management and planning. They recognized the interconnectedness between promoting sustainability and addressing climate change, and viewed it important to incorporate sustainability into what they were doing rather than developing new initiatives. These results highlight an opportunity for promoting sustainability as a unifying framework for Forest Service’s diverse work. To do so requires the cultivation of an agency-wide shared vision of the interconnectedness between sustainability, climate change, and the management and conservation of natural resources. This further requires efforts to enhance leadership commitment, sustainability-oriented social norms, and mechanisms for peer-to-peer exchange, learning, and support.

Maass, David I; Irland, Lloyd C; Anderson, James L; Laustsen, Kenneth M; Greenwood, Michael S; Roth, Brian E

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz066pmid: N/A

AbstractField measurements of operational plantations and research plots demonstrate that growth rates of exotic larches in unmanaged stands can exceed 12 m3 per hectare per year in Maine and elsewhere. This paper briefly reviews the recent history of exotic larch (Larix decidua, L. kaempferi, and L. × marschlinsii) in northeastern United States and Canada. Stands can be commercially thinned as early as 15 years; further thinnings add to significant volume accumulation, based on stand table projections. Genetic development of the hybrid (L. × marschlinsii) could yield additional volume. Even at current low stumpage values, exotic larch plantations offer positive returns at realistic discount rates. In map form, we report a current inventory of known trials and operational plantings across the Northern United States, including adjacent Canada.

Cerveny, Lee K; Baur, Joshua W R

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz065pmid: N/A

National forest law enforcement officers regularly encounter “nonrecreational” campers whose tenure exceeds established stay limits (generally 2 weeks). Some long-term occupants are homeless and seek use of the forest as a temporary or long-term residence. Long-term nonrecreational campers present myriad concerns for forest officials, who seek to balance public access and resource conservation. In addition to biophysical impacts because of waste, disposal of chemicals, soil compaction, and damage to vegetation, nonrecreational campers can alter the social environment being shared with other forest visitors. For this exploratory study, US Forest Service law enforcement officers (n = 290) were surveyed to assess officer perceptions of the frequency of encounters, trends, and types of nonrecreational campers. We provide a descriptive summary of major findings and point out regional variations and trends. Officers perceive regional variations in the frequency of encounters with nonrecreational or homeless campers as well as types of campers encountered.

Noble, Peter; Paveglio, Travis B

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz070pmid: N/A

AbstractThe increasing complexity of wildland fire management highlights the importance of sound decision making. Numerous fire management decision support systems (FMDSS) are designed to enhance science and technology delivery or assist fire managers with decision-making tasks. However, few scientific efforts have explored the adoption and use of FMDSS by fire managers. This research couples existing decision support system research and in-depth interviews with US Forest Service fire managers to explore perspectives surrounding the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS). Results indicate that fire managers appreciate many WFDSS components but view it primarily as a means to document fire management decisions. They describe on-the-ground actions that can be disconnected with decisions developed in WFDSS, which they attribute to the timeliness of WFDSS outputs, the complexity of the WFDSS design, and how it was introduced to managers. We conclude by discussing how FMDSS development could address concerns raised by managers.

Goeking, Sara A; Tarboton, David G

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz069pmid: N/A

AbstractIn coniferous western forests, recent widespread tree mortality provided opportunities to test the long-held theory that forest cover loss increases water yield. We reviewed 78 studies of hydrologic response to standing-replacing (severe wildfire, harvest) or nonstand-replacing (drought, insects, low-severity wildfire) disturbances, and reassessed the question: Does water yield or snowpack increase after forest disturbance? Collective results indicate that postdisturbance streamflow and snowpack may increase, not change, or even decrease, and illuminate factors that may help improve predictability of hydrologic response to disturbance. Contrary to the expectation that tree mortality reduces evapotranspiration, making more water available as runoff, postdisturbance evapotranspiration sometimes increased—particularly following nonstand-replacing disturbance—because of (a) increased evaporation resulting from higher subcanopy radiation, and (b) increased transpiration resulting from rapid postdisturbance growth. Postdisturbance hydrologic response depends on vegetation structure, climate, and topography, and new hypotheses continue to be formulated and tested in this rapidly evolving discipline.

Crandall, Mindy S; Costanza, Kara K L; Zukswert, Jenna M; Kenefic, Laura S; Leahy, Jessica E

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz072pmid: N/A

AbstractRetaining women in forestry and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields is a challenge. University education represents a critical point along the forestry pipeline in which women might leave the profession. Concerned with the low number of women graduating with bachelor’s degrees in forestry from the University of Maine’s School of Forest Resources, a group of faculty and students formed Supporting Women in Forestry Today (SWIFT) in 2016. An organization guided by literature on improving gender diversity in the workplace, SWIFT has taken an adaptive and evidence-based approach while hosting events throughout each academic year. Surveys indicate that SWIFT has been effective at helping participants increase awareness of gender-related issues, gain strategies, and develop connections. Although challenges still exist for women in forestry, this case study suggests that SWIFT is an effective model that could be used elsewhere to support the retention of women in the forestry profession.

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz075pmid: N/A

Members of the SAF Committee on Accreditation (COA) met October 15, 2019 via teleconference and on October 29 and 30, 2019 in Louisville, Kentucky to review twenty-five degree programs at twenty-one universities and colleges. Under the Forestry standard, the COA granted initial, continued, or provisional accreditation of degree programs at five universities and colleges. Under the Natural Resources and Ecosystem Management (NREM) standard, the COA granted initial candidacy1 to one degree program at one college. The Committee reviewed Substantive Change and Progress Reports from fifteen universities and colleges. The SAF COA’s 2019 actions are summarized below. ForestryACCREDITATION Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Granted initial accreditation to the Forestry track degree program leading to the B.S. in Natural Resource Management, as administered by the Department of Forest Resources, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024. Progress report required in 2020. New Mexico Highlands University Granted full accreditation to the Forestry degree program leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Arts and Sciences, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2029. Accreditation of the Program means that both concentrations, Forest Management and Wildland Fire, are accredited. Progress report required in 2020. University of Montana Continued accreditation for the Forestry degree program leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Department of Forest Management, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2029. Progress report required in 2021. Continued accreditation for the Forest Resources Management (FRM) and Forest Operations and Applied Restoration (FOAR) options leading the B.S. in Forestry, through June 30, 2020 or until all students currently enrolled in these degree programs graduate or transfer, whichever occurs sooner. University of New Hampshire Continued accreditation for the Forestry degree program leading to a B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2029. Progress report required in 2021. West Virginia University Continued accreditation for the degree program leading to a B.S.F. in Forest Resources, as administered by the Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2029. Progress report required in 2021. Granted provisional accreditation to the degree program leading to a B.S. in Recreation, Parks and Tourism Resources, as administered by the Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. Progress report required in 2021. PROGRESS REPORT Alabama A& M University Continued accreditation for the Forestry major core curriculum leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Forestry, Ecology, and Wildlife Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2028. Progress report required in 2021. Auburn University Continued accreditation for the Forestry degree program leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Continued accreditation for the Biosystems Engineering Forest Engineering option degree program with a Forest Resources minor leading to the B.S. in Engineering, as administered jointly by the School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and the Department of Biosystems Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2020. Placed the MNR Professional Forester option degree program leading to the Master of Natural Resources on probation2 effective January 1, 2020. Progress report required in 2020. Louisiana State University Continued accreditation for the Forest Resource Management, Forest Enterprise, and Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Management areas of concentration leading to the B.S. in Natural Resource Ecology and Management, as administered by the School of Renewable Natural Resources, College of Agriculture, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2020. North Carolina State University Continued accreditation of the graduate degree program leading to the Master of Forestry in the Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, effective January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2025. Progress report required in 2020. Oklahoma State University Continued accreditation for the Forest Ecology & Management option, within the Natural Resource Ecology and Management major, leading to the B.S. in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, as administered by the Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2028. Progress report required in 2021. Paul Smith’s College Continued accreditation for the Forest Ecosystem Management, Forest Operations, and Forest Biology concentrations leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Department of Forestry, effective January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2025. Salish Kootenai College Continued candidacy for the Forest Management and Wildland Fire options leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Division of Natural Resources, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2021. University of Idaho Continued accreditation for the Forestry degree program leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, effective August 1, 2016 through December 31, 2026. University of Tennessee - Knoxville Continued accreditation for the Restoration and Conservation Science and Urban Forestry concentrations, within the Forestry major, leading to the B.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Herbert College of Agriculture, effective January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2027. University of Washington Continued accreditation for the degree program leading to the Master of Forest Resources – Forest Management, as administered by the School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2020. Continued accreditation for the Sustainable Forest Management option leading the B.S. in Environmental Science and Terrestrial Resource Management, as administered by the School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2020. University of Wisconsin – Madison Continued accreditation for the Forest Conservation, Forest & Environment, and Forest Management concentrations leading to the B.S. in Forest Science, as administered by the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, effective January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2027. Progress report required in 2020. SUBSTANTIVE CHANGE REPORT Southern Illinois University Continued accreditation for the Forest Hydrology, Forest Recreation and Park Management, Forest Resources Management, Urban Forest Management, and Wildlife Habitat Management and Conservation degree programs leading to the B.S. in Forestry through December 31, 2020. SUNY - ESF Continued accreditation for the degree programs leading to the B.S. in Forest Resources Management, B.S in Forest Ecosystem Science, and the Master of Forestry, as administered by the Department of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, effective January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2024. Natural Resources and Ecosystem ManagementCANDIDACY SUNY - Morrisville Granted initial candidacy to the Renewable Resources Technology degree program leading to the Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.), as administered by the Environmental Sciences Department, Division of Environmental & Renewable Resources, School of Agriculture, Business & Technology, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2024. Annual progress reports required. Urban ForestryPROGRESS REPORT Louisiana State University Continued accreditation for the Conservation Biology, Ecological Restoration, and Wetland Science, areas of concentration leading to the B.S. in Natural Resource Ecology and Management, as administered by the School of Renewable Natural Resources, College of Agriculture, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2020. Mississippi State University Continued accreditation for the Natural Resource Law & Administration, Natural Resource Technology, and Resource Conservation Science concentrations leading to the B.S. in Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation, as administered by the Department of Forestry, College of Forest Resources, effective January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2027. Rutgers University – New Brunswick Continued candidacy for the Forest Ecology and Management Track, within the Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources major. leading to a Bachelor of Science degree, as administered by the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2023. Annual progress reports required. University of Washington Granted full accreditation to the Natural Resource and Environmental Management option leading to the B.S. in Environmental Science and Terrestrial Resource Management, as administered by the School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2020. SUBSTANTIVE CHANGE REPORT SUNY - ESF Continued accreditation for the degree program leading to the B.S. in Natural Resources Management, as administered by the Department of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, effective January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2024. Urban ForestryPROGRESS REPORT Rutgers University – New Brunswick Continued candidacy for the Urban Forestry track, now within the Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources major, leading to a Bachelor of Science degree, as administered by the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2023. Annual progress reports required. 2019 Committee on Forest Technology School Accreditation Actions Members of the SAF Committee on Forest Technology School Accreditation (CFTSA) met October 29, 2019 in Louisville, Kentucky to review twelve degree programs, under the Forest Technology standard, at twelve colleges and community colleges. The CFTSA granted continued or provisional accreditation of degree programs at two institutions, placed one program on probation, granting further postponement of the accreditation review. The Committee reviewed Substantive Change and Progress Reports from nine colleges and community colleges. The SAF CFTSA’s 2019 actions are summarized below. Forest TechnologyACCREDITATION Central Oregon Community College Continued accreditation for the Forest Resources Technology degree program leading to the A.A.S. in Forest Resources Technology, as administered by Natural and Industrial Resources Department, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2029. Progress report required in 2020. Reedley College Granted provisional accreditation to the Forestry degree program leading to the A.S. in Forestry, as administered by the Agriculture & Natural Resources Department, effective January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. Progress report required in 2021. Continued accreditation for the Forestry / Natural Resources degree program leading to the A.S. in Forestry / Natural Resources, as administered by the Agriculture & Natural Resource Department, effective through June 30, 2020 to allow students currently enrolled to graduate. PROGRESS REPORT Allegany College of Maryland Continued accreditation for the Forest Technology degree program leading to the A.A.S in Forest Technology, as administered by the Division of Forestry, Mathematics, and Science, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2028. College of the Redwoods Continued candidacy of the Forestry and Natural Resources degree program leading to the A.S. in Forestry and Natural Resources, as administered by the FNR faculty, Career & Technical Education Division, effective January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2022. Annual progress reports required. Hocking College Continued accreditation of the Forest Management degree program leading to the A.A.S. in Forest Management, as administered by the School of Natural Resources, effective January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2026. Progress report required in 2021. Maritime College of Forest Technology Placed the candidacy for accreditation of the Forest Technology program leading to the Diploma in Forest Technology, as administered by the Maritime College of Forest Technology, on probation, effective January 1, 2020. Progress report required in 2020. Full accreditation review required in 2021. SUNY Morrisville Continued accreditation for the Forest Technology concentration, within the Natural Resources Conservation program, leading to the A.A.S. in Natural Resources Conservation, as administered by the Environmental Sciences Department, Division of Environmental and Renewable Resources, School of Agriculture, Business & Technology, effective January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2027. University of Maine-Fort Kent Continued accreditation for the Applied Forest Management program leading to the A.S. in Applied Forest Management, as administered by the Natural and Behavioral Sciences Division, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2028. SUBSTANTIVE CHANGE REPORT Mt. Hood Community College Continued accreditation of the Forest Resources option of the Natural Resources Technology degree program, leading to the A.A.S. in Natural Resources Technology: Forest Resources, as administered by the Science Department, Science, Mathematics and Engineering Division, effective January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2025. Progress report required in 2020. Penn College of Technology Continued accreditation for the Forest Technology degree program, leading to the A.A.S. in Forest Technology, as administered by the School of Transportation and Natural Resources, effective January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2020. Penn State Mont Alto Continued accreditation for the Forest Technology degree program leading to the A.S. in Forest Technology, as administered by the College of Agricultural Sciences, School of Forest Resources, effective January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2021. SUNY ESF Continued accreditation for the Forest Technology Program leading to the A.A.S. in Forest Technology, as administered by the Ranger School, effective January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2021. University of Maine-Fort Kent Continued accreditation for the Applied Forest Management degree program leading to the A.S. in Applied Forest Management, as administered by the Natural and Behavioral Sciences Division, effective January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2028. Footnotes 1 Candidacy indicates that a program has achieved initial recognition and is progressing toward accreditation. This status provides the program with a period of no more than five years to organize its operations, establish sound policies, procedures, and management functions, improve quality, and demonstrate compliance with SAF accreditation standards. Candidacy does not ensure eventual accreditation. 2 This status results if a program has failed to respond satisfactorily to previous Committee requests or has deviated significantly from accreditation standards. Accreditation remains in effect during the probation. Copyright © 2020 Society of American Foresters This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvz074pmid: N/A

The 2019 SAF National Convention was held October 30–November 3, 2010, in Louisville, Kentucky. In light of increasing global demands for wood fiber, as well as the ongoing loss of fiber to insects, disease, and wildfire, the role of foresters in managing the nation’s forest resources has never been more important. Simultaneously, multiple social demands for ecosystem services from forested landscapes oblige multiple professions to interweave goals and objectives. The convention program, Goods from the Woods: Adapt, Adopt, Advance, examined mega trends such as advanced wood materials while acknowledging the legacy of American wood use in music, food, shelter, and culture and exploring new knowledge about forest connections to many aspects of the human condition. Plenary keynote speakers were: Donna Cassese, Consultant to Sappi North American and Marianne Patinelli-Dubay, Adirondack Ecological Center, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. A total of 1,401 individuals registered for the convention. The scientific and technical concurrent sessions and poster symposia were organized around twenty-five themes addressing contemporary issues in multiple aspects including research, case studies, and professional skills development. The abstracts were collected from the presentations, science flashes, posters, and professional development workshops and seminars presented in Louisville. Abstracts are grouped by type and by program track. Presentation abstracts begin on page S1, science flash abstracts begin on page S78, poster abstracts begin on page S3, and professional development workshops and seminars begin on page XX. Note: These abstracts have not been copy edited. Any errors contained within the abstracts are the sole responsibility of the authors. SAF does not assume liability for any errors herein. All abstracts were reviewed using the following criteria: Clarity: the thought/expression/concept should be reasonable and comprehensive. Scientific Approach: includes definition of the problem, hypothesis, methodology, application, results, and analysis. Practice of Forestry: should bridge the gap between science and decision making in the field of forest management. Originality: should report preliminary or novel results on limited data sets or applications of existing methodologies to new areas. Contemporary Topics: relevant to the convention themes and track themes that will appeal to a large number of attendees and contribute to professional development. Policy: local, regional, national, or international policy or program analysis using quantitative or qualitative data analysis. Abstracts were required to meet the criterion for clarity and at least one of the other five to be considered for inclusion in the program. 2019 Student Presentation Awards The SAF Forest Science and Technology Board instituted the Student Presentation Award at the 2009 SAF National Convention to encourage students to present their research that helps answer the questions that foresters ask every day. All interested students who are the primary author of the presentation are eligible for the award. The top three student presenters are selected based on evaluations of scientific method, presentation, visual appeal, and poise. The winners of the 2019 Student Presentation Awards are: First Place Damon Vaughan, Northern Arizona University Effects of Basal Area and Climate on Wood Density of Southwestern U.S. Ponderosa Pine Abstract can be found on page S173. Second Place Taeyoon Lee, University of Georgia The Applicability of Recreational-Grade GNSS Receiver (GPS watch, Suunto Ambit Peak3) in Forestry Abstract can be found on page S159. Third Place Kenneth Dunn, North Carolina State University Biometrics and Silvopasture: Analyzing the Growth and Yield of Agroforestry Systems in Response to Tree Density Abstract can be found on page S197. 2019 Student Poster Awards The SAF Forest Science and Technology Board instituted the Student Poster Award at the 2002 SAF National Convention to encourage students to present their research that helps answer the questions that foresters ask every day. All interested undergraduate and graduate students who are the primary author of the poster are eligible for the award. The top three student posters are selected based on topic, approach, findings, interpretation, clarity, and creativity. The winners of the 2019 Student Poster Awards are: First Place Scott Gula, Purdue University A Novel Use of Immunomarking for Studying the Dispersal of Woodboring Beetles Abstract can be found on page S13. Second Place Rachel Nation, Mississippi State University Impacts of Increasing Fuel Loads on Acorn Germination and Early Establishment of Oak Seedlings Abstract can be found on page S22. Third Place Bridget Blood, Clemson University Functional Morphology and Physiology of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata Mill) Fire-Adapted Traits Abstract can be found on page S39. Copyright © 2020 Society of American Foresters This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)

doi: 10.1093/jofore/fvaa003pmid: N/A

March 2020 This Journal of Forestry quiz is approved for 4.5 continuing forestry education (CFE) hours in Category 1-CF by the Society of American Foresters. Successful completion of the self-assessment, defined as a cumulative score of at least 70%, is required to earn CFE credit. CFE approval is valid for one year from the issue date of publication and participants may submit the quiz at any time during that period. The quiz contains questions from these 5 articles: Promoting Sustainability in Public Natural Resource Agencies: Insights from the USDA Forest Service Reassessing the Potential for Exotic Larch in Northern United States Homelessness and Nonrecreational Camping on National Forests and Grasslands in the United States: Law Enforcement Perspectives and Regional Trends Forests and Water Yield: A Synthesis of Disturbance Effects on Streamflow and Snowpack in Western Coniferous Forests An Adaptive and Evidence-Based Approach to Building and Retaining Gender Diversity within a University Forestry Education Program: A Case Study of SWIFT As presented by Ma et al., “sustainable operations” is defined by the US Forest Service to refer to efforts that: a) sustain the health, diversity and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. b) reduce the environmental footprint and increase the resilience of agency operations and assets. c) promote sustainability by improving energy, water, and transportation efficiency. Employees’ perceptions regarding how much the Forest Service currently prioritizes various sustainability initiatives and how much the agency should prioritize these initiatives in an ideal world showed which of the following trends in the Ma et al. study? a) Across all regions and offices more people thought they should be prioritized than thought they are currently prioritized. b) Perceptions of whether initiatives are currently prioritized versus should be prioritized varied among initiatives. c) Across all 10 initiatives, more people thought they should be prioritized than thought they are currently prioritized. Maass et al. modelled short-term thinning scenarios using stand table projections. Stand table projections project future stand structure using which of the following? a) Trees per acre and diameter growth rates b) Trees per acre and basal area per acre c) Diameter growth rates and basal area increases Despite demonstrated growth and yield productivity, concerns about exotic larches becoming invasive remain and may contribute to a lack of enthusiasm for more widespread planting in the US and Canada. Maass et al. made which of the following observations during their field work? a) Repeated instances of Japanese larch seedlings growing where suitable shaded mineral soils were present b) Few instances of exotic larch seedlings, although native L. laricina volunteers were common c) Several instances where larch volunteers were outgrowing native conifers in an adjacent plantation Among respondents to the Cerveny and Baur survey, what percentage reported encountering NRCs at least once monthly? a) 25% b) 48% c) 75% Cerveny and Baur suggest additional research to understand more about the various sub-sets of NRCs may help agency officials develop: a) training programs for LEOs that could improve their ability to discourage nonrecreational camping. b) programs, services and partnerships that could improve health options, address public safety concerns, and mitigate biophysical impacts of long-term encampments. c) protocols for stakeholder input and policies to better accommodate this growing population of National Forest users. Relative to SWE, Goeking and Tarboton note that dividing ablation into sublimation versus melt is a difficult yet important task for estimating water budgets. Why? a) While melt clearly contributes to streamflow, sublimation represents evapotranspiration losses that can contribute to reduced streamflow. b) At temperatures near freezing, medium-density forests are likely to retain more snow than higher-density forests (with higher longwave radiation) or lower density forests (with higher shortwave radiation). c) High radiation reaching the snowpack surface, as well as increased turbulence beneath the reduced post-disturbance canopy, can cause unexpectedly high sublimation from snowpack. In discussing predictability of hydrologic response to disturbance, Goeking and Tarboton suggest that a more precise understanding of the linkage between disturbance and hydrologic response requires analysis of quantitative rather than categorical or qualitative attributes because: a) individual components of the hydrologic cycle are affected by vegetation composition, structure, density, and radiation exposure. b) both observational and simulation studies concluded that post-disturbance streamflow and snowpack may decrease in watersheds with little post-disturbance growth and less net radiation. c) quantifying evaporation is notoriously difficult, and eddy-covariance methods enable assessment of seasonal evapotranspiration. What is one of the challenges the SWIFT planning team has encountered, according to Crandall et al.? a) How to present education about gender harassment, develop strategies for success in field-work, and explain the role of HR professionals in the workplace as allies b) Ensuring that those delivering the content have the background and skills to do so c) Convincing participants why the ground rules are necessary In both survey years, respondents to the SWIFT survey identified the top two challenges as being part of which groups of concerns? a) (1) bias, microaggressions, and discrimination; (2) challenges and barriers to addressing discrimination b) (1) bias, microaggressions, and discrimination; (2) unequal pay and inequality c) (1) bias, microaggressions, and discrimination; (2) isolation, lack of support, and networking Copyright © 2020 Society of American Foresters This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)