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Azarian, Anait; Skriptchenko-Gregorian, Vitali; Miller, Thomas; Kraus, Robert
doi: 10.1007/BF02310246pmid: N/A
Childhood victims of the Armenian earthquake have shown numerous diagnostic indicators of traumatization and stress. Examined are clinical data which address advances in understanding diagnostic indicators and resulting psychopathology in childhood victims of natural disasters. Presented is a review of current theory about the processing of traumatization in children, as well as case vignettes, and recommendations for further research.
doi: 10.1007/BF02310247pmid: N/A
This paper proposes that in order to understand the etiology of the patient's conflict, the transference should be interpreted from a developmental perspective. The developmental approach examines processes derived from early life interaction. In particular, the paper focuses on aspects of the relationship between caregiver and infant that may be used analogously during analysis to evoke early life developmental phenomena. Developmental phenomena provide information about the caregiver-infant experience, as well as about the representational processes by which the individual has formulated models of the “self” and “other.” Understanding the interpersonal implications of these representational phenomena not only facilitates the interpretation of the transference, overcomes resistance and provides access to the conflict, but may also help the analyst promote more adaptive responses to future change.
Lane, Robert; Foehrenbach, Leonore
doi: 10.1007/BF02310248pmid: N/A
This is the case of a 42-year-old Englishman who suffers from acute anxiety attacks and panic episodes. His professional life is severely limited because he cannot tolerate separation from home and family. The relationship between himself and the significant others in his life has deteriorated and he is continually made to feel like the inadequate outsider. The roots of the psychopathology presented in adulthood are frequently found buried in the past. In this case, the traumatic episodes experienced in the first five years of life are being replayed over and over in the present. Whether he is home watching television, driving to work or in a store with other shoppers, he is alone—deserted, abandoned, lost. The first five years of this man's life were spent on an island during World War II. He experienced nightly bombardments. The patient recovers fragments of past episodes: darkness, lonely roads, uniformed men and the overriding feeling of helplessness. As he proceeds through his analysis, the shadowy places become illuminated for brief moments, as he relives the feelings of the past as they seem to be reenacted before him.
doi: 10.1007/BF02310249pmid: N/A
Elderly persons living in Middletown (Muncie, Indiana) represent a unique treatment group because so much is known of their early history and because of the representativeness of their cohort. The most common marital problems are those occasioned by the illness of a spouse, by the need for one member to grow and develop while the other is somewhat stifled, and by the unique features of late-life marriage. Descriptions of these difficulties, as well as suggestions for treatment, are offered.
doi: 10.1007/BF02310250pmid: N/A
Therapeutic schools vary greatly in their conceptualization of authenticity, a concept that grew out of existential philosophy. On one end of the spectrum, the real person is seen as one living in harmony with his or her environment and achieving fulfillment through relationships. An opposite view regards the person who has successfully adapted to his or her social environment as inauthentic. A basic dilemma which characterizes the therapeutic process is whether to put the emphasis on the client self acceptance or on adaptation to society. This article discusses authenticity from a philosophical point of view and reviews the attitudes toward the concept from various schools of therapy. Although existential psychotherapy is the only school that uses the concept of authenticity, one can find clues to the conflict between encouraging the client's own individuality and motivating him or her toward social adaptation in almost every therapeutic school. Authenticity is therefore an important subject to be dealt with in therapy. Moreover, the attitude toward authenticity is often influenced by the therapist's personal values and therapeutic orientation.
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