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doi: 10.1007/BF00945983pmid: N/A
The concept of “developmental amnesia” is proposed to describe the impairment of normal memories during a person's school age life. One hundred psychotherapy patients were interviewed and the age of earliest memories ranged from 1–12 years, with a mode of 5 years. Memory was continuous for 53% of patients by 1st grade, while 18% reported life memory was still episodic at age 18 or later. Parental alcohol problems were associated with delay of continuous memories.
doi: 10.1007/BF00945984pmid: N/A
The system of supervision in psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy consists of a young, relatively inexperienced trainee and a senior, experienced and knowledgeable supervisor. The issues generally discussed during the course of supervision are related to the dynamics of the patient, therapeutic values, difficulties encountered by the trainee and feelings aroused in him or her in connection with the patient and the therapy. The trainee goes through a process of growth and development in both the personal and the professional sense. This process may thus be studied by analogy with the process of human growth and development as it appears in the theoretical literature in the context of the mother-child or the therapist-patient relationship. The theoretical questions at the focus of the present paper are concerned mainly with a number of structural factors in the relationship between the supervisor and the trainee. These factors go beyond the differences in the participants' personalities. These factors are built into every supervisory system and serve to increase the supervisor's devotion to the trainee. The paper examines the components of the supervisor-trainee interaction that may help the supervisor ignore his or her own needs, wishes and self, and concentrate on the needs and wishes of the trainee. This enables the supervisor to create an accepting environment that permits the trainee to grow and develop as a professional and as a person.
doi: 10.1007/BF00945985pmid: N/A
Commonalities in borderline patients are examined in an empirical study of three such cases in long-term psychoanalytic treatment with the author. Each case shows the preoedipal feature of a need to repeat the early maternal environment sensed as both deadly and indispensable. These mutually exclusive polarities continued to be experienced as co-existent through a significant degree of primary process functioning. Separation-individuation was arrested and self-object transferences and persecutory anxiety were evidenced. Some ego growth occurred concomitant with therapy and ongoing life circumstances. More reality life forces were released as opposed to unconscious victimization in life-death trap experiences.
doi: 10.1007/BF00945986pmid: N/A
Training in psychoanalytic psychotherapy stimulates both trainee regression and development-enhancing intemalization of supervisors. The internalization processes of introjection, identification and ego-integration influence both trainees' personal development and development of a professional role. Since both supervisors and the personal therapist are introjected and identified with, the possibility of trainee-perceived conflict arises. Where the identifications seem incompatible, trainees will tend to reject the supervision if it is overly dogmatic. If their personal therapy is conflictual, trainees will apply ego-ideal and superego structures to their personal therapy experience and reject their personal therapist. The reasons for this choice suggest the possible value of supervisor-personal therapist collaboration and a supervisory stance of identification with the learning process itself.
doi: 10.1007/BF00945987pmid: N/A
The presence of narcissism in both therapist and patient results in a collusion that preserves the narcissistic integrity of the therapist and validates the narcissistic injury of the patient. Not only is the narcissistic behavior of the patient condoned, but narcissistic excesses in the therapist are tolerated. The unconscious identification on the part of the therapist with the patient produces anxiety in the therapist which results in treatment that intensifies the pathology of the patient.
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