Journal of Bacteriology

Herriott, Roger M.; Meyer, Eleanor Y.; Vogt, Marcella; Modan, Michaela

doi: N/Apmid: 5308770

Defined Medium for Growth of Haemophilus influenzae Roger M. Herriott , Eleanor Y. Meyer , Marcella Vogt and Michaela Modan 1 The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 ABSTRACT A chemically defined medium (MI c ) is described in which cells of Haemophilus influenzae Rd grow rapidly (generation time, 35 ± 5 min) and reach a stationary level of 10 10 cells/ml. Our strain of cells grown in this medium developed high levels of competence when transferred to another medium designed for that purpose. Conditions governing the total development of competence in this organism have now been defined. Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology CiteULike Connotea Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter What's this? « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article J. Bacteriol. February 1970 vol. 101 no. 2 513-516 » Abstract PDF Classifications Genetics and Molecular Biology Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in ASM journals Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of JB Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Herriott, R. M. Articles by Modan, M. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Herriott, R. M. Articles by Modan, M. Related Content Load related web page information Social Bookmarking CiteULike Connotea Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter What's this? current issue January 2012, volume 194, issue 1 Alert me to new issues of JB About JB Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JB RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • [email protected] Print ISSN: 0021-9193 Online ISSN: 1098-5530 Copyright © 2011 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to JB .asm.org, visit: http://intl- JB .asm.org | More Info»

Patterson, David; Weinstein, Mark; Nixon, Ralph; Gillespie, David

doi: N/Apmid: 4905312

Interaction of Ribosomes and the Cell Envelope of Escherichia coli Mediated by Lysozyme David Patterson , Mark Weinstein , Ralph Nixon and David Gillespie 1 Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154 ABSTRACT Evidence is presented suggesting the existence of a natural ribosome-membrane complex. A reconstruction system is described wherein free ribosomes form a complex which appears to involve cell fragments. The reconstructed complex is similar in stability to the inferred natural complex. The reconstructed complex is generated by lysozyme, and it is concluded that at least part of the inferred natural complex is also generated by lysozyme. These results are discussed with reference to existing data concerning certain membrane-associated systems in bacteria. Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology CiteULike Connotea Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter What's this? « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article J. Bacteriol. February 1970 vol. 101 no. 2 584-591 » Abstract PDF Classifications Genetics and Molecular Biology Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in ASM journals Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of JB Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Patterson, D. Articles by Gillespie, D. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Patterson, D. Articles by Gillespie, D. Related Content Load related web page information Social Bookmarking CiteULike Connotea Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter What's this? current issue January 2012, volume 194, issue 1 Alert me to new issues of JB About JB Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JB RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • [email protected] Print ISSN: 0021-9193 Online ISSN: 1098-5530 Copyright © 2011 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to JB .asm.org, visit: http://intl- JB .asm.org | More Info»

Sinclair, Peter R.; White, David C.

doi: N/Apmid: 4313051

The composition of the membrane-bound electron transport system of Haemophilus parainfluenzae underwent modification in response to the terminal electron acceptor in the growth medium. H. parainfluenzae was able to grow with O 2 , nitrate, fumarate, pyruvate, and substrate amounts of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as electron acceptors. When O 2 served as the electron acceptor and its concentration was lowered below 20 µ M , the bacteria formed more cytochromes b, c, a 1 , a 2 , and o than were present in the cells grown at 150 to 200 µ M O 2 . Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities also appeared during growth at the low O 2 concentrations in the absence of added nitrate. Cytochrome levels in cells grown anaerobically with fumarate, pyruvate, or NAD as terminal acceptors were similar to those formed in cells grown at low O 2 concentrations. Cells grown with nitrate had higher levels of cytochromes c, b , and o , and of nitrate and nitrite reductases, than did cells grown with the other acceptors. The formation of cytochrome oxidase a 2 was repressed by the presence of nitrate in the growth medium. The critical O 2 concentration (the O 2 concentration at which the rate of O 2 uptake becomes demonstrably dependent on the O 2 concentration) was about 100 µ M in cells grown with nitrate and about 15 µ M in cells grown with the other acceptors. A mutant of H. parainfluenzae was found to make about 10% as much cytochrome c as the wild type, and its formation of cytochrome a 2 was not repressed by nitrate. The critical O 2 concentration of the mutant was high when it was grown with nitrate, suggesting that the high levels of cytochrome c and the absence of cytochrome a 2 from the wild type are not responsible for the high critical O 2 concentration. The modifications of the respiratory system induced by changing the terminal electron acceptor were inhibited by the presence of chloramphenicol, which suggests that protein synthesis is involved. J Bacteriol. 1970 February; 101(2): 365-372 Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology . All Rights Reserved.

Bicknell, J. N.; Douglas, Howard C.

doi: N/Apmid: 5413823

Evolutionary divergence among species of the yeast genus Saccharomyces was estimated from measurements of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/DNA and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA)/DNA homology. Much diversity was found in the DNA base sequences with several species showing little or no homology to the three reference species, S. cerevisiae, S. lactis , and S. fragilis . These three reference species also showed little or no homology to each other. On the other hand the diversity among ribosomal RNA base sequences was small since most species showed a high degree of homology to the reference species. The arrangement of species based on ribosomal RNA homologies agrees in most cases with current taxonomic groupings. A yeast hybrid ( S. fragilis x S. lactis ) was shown to contain two nonhomologous genomes. A minimum genome size of 9.2 x 10 9 daltons for S. cerevisiae was calculated from the rate of DNA renaturation. J Bacteriol. 1970 February; 101(2): 505-512 Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology . All Rights Reserved.

Oeschger, Nicole S.; Hartman, Philip E.

doi: N/Apmid: 4905310

ICR-Induced Frameshift Mutations in the Histidine Operon of Salmonella Nicole S. Oeschger 1 and Philip E. Hartman a Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 ABSTRACT Both the acridine half-mustard, ICR191, and the nonalkylating azaacridine derivative, ICR364-OH, induce three classes of frameshift mutations in the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium . (i) One class is completely stable in reversion tests and is presumed to represent deletion of one or a few critical nucleotide pairs or two nearby frameshifts. One extended deletion was found out of 11 stable mutations. (ii) Of two spontaneously reverting classes which also are considered to predominantly involve base deletions, one is unaffected in reversion with ICR191, nitrosoguanidine, and diethylsulfate, and the other is induced to revert with ICR191. (iii) A third class, considered to predominantly involve base additions, responds in reversion tests with ICR191 as well as with nitrosoguanidine and diethylsulfate. Other investigators have shown that one mutant of this class is a “plus” frameshift and that nitrosoguanidine acts in reversion to delete a guanine plus cytosine base pair. Although such plus frameshifts are found with high frequency among mutations selected from acridine-treated bacteria or when strong selection pressure is applied for their detection in reversion tests, data from this laboratory indicate that this class of plus frameshifts is rare among mutations derived spontaneously or after treatment with a variety of other mutagens. Finally, we demonstrate that the alkylating ICR191 and the nonalkylating ICR364-OH preferentially cause mutations in different chromosome regions and that their spectra of activity only partially overlap that found for spontaneous frameshift mutations.

Barlati, Sergio; Majerfeld, Irene

doi: N/Apmid: 4984070

The decline in colony-forming ability observed during tryptophan starvation of Bacillus subtilis auxotrophs is a concentration-dependent phenomenon. It does not manifest itself when the initial cell concentration is 10 6 cells/ml or lower. This property has been used to test the killing activity of different fractions of the dying cells. Most of the activity recovered is found in the supernatant fluid of the starved culture. Sensitive and resistant strains can be identified. Active supernatant fluids can only be isolated from tryptophan auxotrophs sensitive to tryptophanless death. Resistant cells neither produce nor respond to the factor, and sensitive cells respond only when deprived of tryptophan. The killing activity is continuously produced and released into the medium at least up to 4 hr after removal of tryptophan from the culture. The killing activity is deoxyribonuclease-, ribonuclease-, and heat-resistant. FOOTNOTES

Majerfeld, Irene; Barlati, Sergio; Ciferri, Orio

doi: N/Apmid: 4189906

Tryptophanless Death in Bacillus subtilis Irene Majerfeld , Sergio Barlati 1 and Orio Ciferri 1 a Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 ABSTRACT A decline in colony-forming ability is observed in actively growing cultures of a tryptophan arginine auxotroph of Bacillus subtilis after removal of tryptophan (tryptophanless death). This phenomenon can be prevented by simultaneous starvation of the other required amino acid or by chloramphenicol administered in bacteriostatic concentration but not by actinomycin. Addition of tryptophan analogues not only prevents the death but also allows recovery of the cells that have lost the ability to form colonies on solid media. The term tryptophanless death is therefore inappropriate. Chloramphenicol but not actinomycin inhibits the recovery brought about by tryptophan analogues.

Issahary, Gabriela; Evenchik, Z.; Keynan, A.

doi: N/Apmid: 4984072

Heat activation of bacterial spores at low p H was investigated in detail. Unlike activation of spores in distilled water at a neutral p H, activation at low p H involves two superimposed processes: enhanced activation and death. Low- p H-activated spores failed to germinate in D -alanine, in contrast to spores activated at neutral p H, owing to the abolition of alanine-racemase activity. Morphological and permeability changes such as release and partial disruption of spores were dipicolinic acid-observed during low- p H activation. The kinetics pattern of low- p H activation, as well as the change in properties of the spores thereafter, suggest that the mechanism of low- p H activation differs from that of other kinds of heat-activation. J Bacteriol. 1970 February; 101(2): 418-422 Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology . All Rights Reserved.

Knudson, Dennis L.; MacLeod, Roderick

doi: N/Apmid: 4905313

Colonies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium grown in PPLO agar were examined by light and electron microscopy. The main objective of the investigation was to attempt in situ fixation and minimize tonic changes in the organisms. Microscopy revealed that both organisms grew both in and upon the agar. The agar and surface growths of M. pneumoniae exhibited similar profiles, whereas those of M. salivarium differed strikingly. Both organisms are highly pleomorphic, but their matrix was denser and appeared more intact than in previously reported profiles. Cells which resemble the commonly reported mycoplasma were occasionally observed. The significance of these discrepant profiles remains unanswered. It is suggested that they may represent aged or osmotically damaged cells. J Bacteriol. 1970 February; 101(2): 609-617 Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology . All Rights Reserved.

Stukus, Philip E.; DeCicco, B. T.

doi: N/Apmid: 4984069

The effects of a number of organic substrates on the autotrophic metabolism of Hydrogenomonas eutropha were examined. Dual substrate (mixotrophic) cultivation in the presence of hydrogen plus either fructose or alanine allowed autotrophic growth to begin immediately after the exhaustion of the organic substrate. On the other hand, the presence of acetate, pyruvate, or glutamate caused a lengthy lag to occur before autotrophic growth commenced. With acetate or pyruvate this lag (plateau) in the dicyclic growth curve was due to the repression of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (RDPC) synthesis during mixotrophic growth. During heterotrophic growth with glutamate, RDPC was partially repressed; however, during mixotrophic growth, RDPC activity was high. Thus the delay of autotrophic growth was not due to a repression of RDPC by glutamate. The data suggest that glutamate interferes with autotrophic metabolism by repressing the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen. The repression of these vital autotrophic functions by acetate, pyruvate, and glutamate occurred both in the presence and absence of hydrogen, i.e., during both heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation. The derepression of the affected systems during the plateau phase of the dicyclic growth curves was demonstrated. Carbon dioxide assimilation by whole cells agreed well with the RDPC activity of extracts from cells grown under similar conditions. FOOTNOTES