Journal of Applied Psychology

Broom, M. E.

doi: 10.1037/h0074129pmid: N/A

Submissive individuals achieve lower academic records than dominant persons; within the former group high marks do not correlate well with mental ability. The author makes the statement in his conclusions that "the validity of the Allport test is probably satisfactory in view of the low reliability of the instrument. Improvement in reliability would probably tend to increase validity sufficiently." The A-S test results appear to have value in supplementing measures of mental ability as a basis for predicting academic success, particularly with reference to ascendant individuals. About 200 subjects were used.

Crockett, A. C.

doi: 10.1037/h0072577pmid: N/A

A test for manual ability was devised, having three parts: (1) screwing nuts onto bolts of various sizes, then placing the bolts in holes of corresponding size; (2) packing small wooden blocks into a box; (3) arranging rows of blocks on a narrow strip of wood. The test seems to measure a general factor in manual performances which may be called "manual ability," and which the author defines as "native expertness and grace in manual acts." Correlations of test scores with shop production of various sorts vary, but indicate "reasonable validity." Manual ability seems relatively unrelated to chronological or mental age and school achievement. Bibliography of 7 titles.

Weinland, J. D.

doi: 10.1037/h0074481pmid: N/A

Three studies (a, 50 men and 50 women, b, 91 men, c, 78 men) were made in which the subjects were required to judge the truth of proverbial expressions (in studies a and b) or to rank according to relative value (in c) various "assets" in one's life, i.e., personal characteristics (as honor, intelligence, sanity, sportsmanship), and such things as business connections, wealth, luck, social position. Answers were weighted according to the frequency of such answers in the group studied, and totaled to give a measure of conformity to group opinion. "In its present state the report merely outlines a method."

McCarthy, D.

doi: 10.1037/h0073360pmid: N/A

The study attempts to determine the reliability and validity of the Seashore tests, and also the relative importance of the various factors measured by them in making up general musical talent. Subjects used included 93 university students and 71 children in the 5th and 6th grades. The test for tonal memory showed considerably higher reliability and validity than those for pitch and intensity, while the test for consonance was found to be quite low. Marked age differences were noted. A decided practice effect was found in tonal memory, but not in the others. In general, Seashore's contentions regarding these tests are supported by this study. Bibliography of 21 titles.

Ross, V. R.

doi: 10.1037/h0072735pmid: N/A

77 high school pupils were given Stanford Achievement Tests in reading and arithmetic with and without the distraction of radio program reception, and also were required to study text assignments in physics and chemistry with and without such distraction, and were tested for acquisition of information during the periods of study. Radio reception does not seem to produce any significant effect.

Cutler, T. H.

doi: 10.1037/h0075539pmid: N/A

Using recall and recognition tests on 393 subjects, the author found that a full page advertisement in a magazine of large page area has little or no advantage over the same advertisement published full page in a magazine of smaller page area.

Hevner, K.

doi: 10.1037/h0071346pmid: N/A

Nineteen musical phrases selected from standard compositions were played in the original form and in three "spoiled" versions before groups of psychology students and harmony students who were asked to record their "best" and "second best" choices among the versions of each phrase. A fairly significant differentiation between the harmony students and the psychology students was found. Several revisions are needed to make the test of definite diagnostic value.

Bousfield, W. A.

doi: 10.1037/h0072787pmid: N/A

Performance of 90 boys and girls in 4th and 5th grades on duplication of 12 simple geometrical figures showed low positive correlation with mental ability (measured by Otis Classification Test), superiority of 5th over 4th grade children, and a slight superiority of girls over boys. (No date are given comparing intelligence scores of boys with girls in this group.) Bibliography of 18 titles.

McClure, W. E.

doi: 10.1037/h0075355pmid: N/A

An analysis of questionnaire returns from 86 cities (population 100,000 or more) covering type of organization for psychological testing in the school systems, date of its beginning, training requirements and salaries of examiners and department heads, types of tests administered, and uses made of test results.

Rackley, L. E.

doi: 10.1037/h0074741pmid: N/A

"The present study seems to warrant the following conclusions: 1. That b p [blood pressure] changes and g r [galvanic reflex] changes indicate the presence of emotional states. 2. That fear-producing stimuli cause a greater change in b p and g r than mental work. 3. There is a positive relationship between the b p and the g r results, but this relationship is not great." As subjects, 5 boys and 5 girls were used, aged 13-17.