Health Physics

Ohmomo, Yoichiro

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the foliar uptake of methyliodide as a function of exposure time. Exposures were necessarily made in the dark to avoid possible decomposition of the compound by light. We observed that the foliar uptake rose almost proportionally with exposure time. The deposition velocity on to spinach leaves was 1.7 × 10

Cline, J. F.

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The uptake of

Little, Marshall S.

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The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for maintaining a national program to protect the public health from unnecessary and harmful radiation emitted by radiation products. This program involves the promulgation and implementation of mandatory and voluntary standards to promote safe and effective design and use of such products. This paper describes the process by which electronic product radiation safety standards and recommendations are developed. To assist the agency in the development effort and to achieve a sound technological and scientific basis and risk/benefit assessment, it is important that knowledgeable professionals, industrial representatives, and consumers participate in that process. This paper is designed to provide useful information to aid anyone wishing to participate more effectively.

Spraragen, S. C.

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The results of radiation safety measures adopted by the Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, are reported. The findings clearly indicate that closely supervised, reasonable precautions can significantly reduce the amount of ionizing radiation to which personnel are exposed. This reduced exposure has been effected in the face of a continuously increasing patient workload.

Ohmomo, Yoichiro

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The uptake of gaseous elemental iodine by spinach was investigated by use of a specially designed exposure chamber. Because elemental iodine is subject to deposition on the inner wall surfaces of vessels, estimation of the iodine concentration in the circulating chamber was made theoretically and experimentally. The deposition velocity on to the spinach leaf surface was determined to be 1.5 × 10

Bradley, Donald V.

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A procedure for the quantitative analysis of elemental tritium is presented. This method includes the biological oxidation of elemental hydrogen by ubiquitous soil microorganisms and distillation of the water and liquid scintillation analysis of the tritium activity. This analytical procedure is useful primarily in experimental work where verification of the concentration of an HT source or dose is needed. Universal availability of the needed equipment is a major advantage.

Stranden, E.

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A discussion of the lung cancer risk associated with radon exposure inside dwellings is presented. The risk factors found for miners are discussed and modified according to the lower mean breathing rates inside dwellings and the differences in atmosphere. Statistical information on the lung cancer incidence in the Norwegian population indicates that a “doubling exposure rate” of radon daughters inside dwellings may be about 2–3 WLM; yr. This corresponds to a radon concentration of about 115 pCi/l. These values are used in a discussion of the consequences of a future reduction of the mean ventilation rates in modern houses.

Autenrieth, R. E.

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Iodine-131 concentrations were determined in air, milk, and antelope (Antilocapra americana) thyroids from southeastern Idaho during 1972–77. Samples were collected in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site which has 17 operating nuclear reactors, a fuel reprocessing plant, and a nuclear waste management facility. Samples were also collected from control areas. During the study, fallout occurred from five People's Republic of China above-ground nuclear weapon detonations. All

Smith, C. W.

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Three field surveys were conducted to determine the distribution of nuclear reactor discharge radionuclides along the sediment surface of the Montsweag Bay-Bailey Cove system, the outflow estuary of the Maine Yankee Nuclear Power reactor in Wiscasset, Maine, U.S.A. The observed radionuclides (

Abraham, Stanley C.

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This paper presents an index of harm methodology which compares occupational risk among workers exposed to radiological and nonradiological harms. It extends the work of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) by considering American rather than European and Japanese industry groups, by treating the relative importance of various occupational harms as a parameter rather than an arbitrary constant, and by identifying several ways in which both the methodology and the data base could be improved. In the analysis, we examine the risk affects of six occupational harms-three nonradiological (death, accidental injury and disease or illness) and three radiological (somatic effects, genetic effects, and somatic effects to the fetus or embryo of pregnant women). We performed our analysis under five different assumptions about the relative importance of degree of aversion of the six harms in question. The results of this analysis show that radiological workers exposed to the current industry average of 0.35 rem/yr are among the safest of all industry groupings, and the riskiest industries appear to be mining; agriculture, fishing and farming; construction; transportation; and manufacturing, roughly in that order.