Effect of Antibiotics in the Prevention of Jejunoileal Bypass-Induced Liver DysfunctionVanderhoof, Jon A.; Tuma, Dean J.; Antonson, Dean L.; Sorrell, Michael F.
doi: 10.1159/000198705pmid: 7084568
Administration of antibiotics has been reported to prevent or minimize liver dysfunction in experimental animals having been subjected to jejunoileal bypass, suggesting that jejunoileal bypass-induced liver dysfunction results from production of toxic substances by bacteria in the defunctionalized bowel. However, improved absorption will also prevent bypass-induced liver injury. We studied the effects of tetracycline on the development of bypass-induced liver dysfunction and compared it to the mucosal adaptation of the intact bowel after bypass. After 6 weeks, rats subjected to bypass but not given antibiotics had decreased levels of serum triglycerides, hepatic cytochrome P-450, and hepatic pentobarbital hydroxylase. Evaluation of intestinal mucosal hyperplasia after bypass indicated that animals given antibiotics after bypass developed greater increases in mucosal DNA content, mucosal protein, and mucosal weight than bypassed animals not receiving antibiotics. We speculate that the beneficial effects of antibiotic administration on liver function after bypass may be a result of improved absorption.
Progressive Atrophy of Pancreatic Acinar Tissue in Rats Fed a Copper-Deficient Diet Supplemented with D-Penicillamine or Triethylene Tetramine: Morphological and Physiological StudiesSmith, P.A.; Sunter, J.P.; Case, R.M.
doi: 10.1159/000198706pmid: 7084566
This paper describes the progressive effects of severe copper depletion on pancreatic weight, structure, amylase content and responses to secretin and caerulein, as well as a number of general body parameters (appearance, body weight and blood indices). Copper depletion was produced by feeding young rats a copper-deficient diet alone or together with either of the two chelating agents D-penicillamine or triethylene tetramine (Trien). After 6 weeks, the copper-deficient diet alone had relatively little effect on general body parameters but reduced gland weight and the secretory response to caerulein. Addition of .D-penicillamine had a deleterious effect on general body parameters; it caused total acinar cell atrophy but left ductal and islet tissue relatively intact; gland weight was markedly reduced, and gland amylase was reduced virtually to zero; and the secretory response to caerulein was almost abolished while that to secretin was reduced. The effects of Trien on general body parameters were less severe; the secretory response to secretin was also less affected, while acinar cell atrophy, gland amylase and the secretory response to caerulein were affected to the same extent as with D-penicillamine. The effects of severe copper depletion on the pancreas were largely irreversible after 13 weeks on a copper-supplemented diet.
Effect of Pancreozymin and Secretin on Intraluminal Enterokinase, Trypsin, and Chymotrypsin Activities of Cystic Fibrosis and Control ChildrenLebenthal, Emanuel; Lee, P.C.
doi: 10.1159/000198708pmid: 7044859
Duodenal fluids from control and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were assayed for enterokinase (EK), trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. CF patients as a group were found to have higher basal EK activity in spite of low trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. In control patients, pancreozymin (CCK) injection led to increases in specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin and a decrease in EK but did not change the total EK activities. Secretin administration led to decreases in specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin compared to post-CCK levels. The total EK activities were greatly increased following secretin administration. Thus, secretin may have direct influence on the release of EK into the duodenum. CCK and secretin have no effect on the specific activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and EK in CF patients. EK release in CF patients is either constitutive and therefore not affected by CCK and secretin or it has been fully induced by the low trypsin content and becomes unresponsive to further hormonal stimulation.
Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatic Necrosis in MiceLombardi, B.; Rao, K.N.
doi: 10.1159/000198710pmid: 6177572
An acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with fat necrosis (AHPN) was induced in female mice fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine. The effect of various proteinase inhibitors on the induction of the pancreatitis was evaluated using three parameters, the mortality of the animals, the appearance before death of a shock-like state, and the severity of the pancreatic pathology. Treatment of the animals with leupeptin, pepstatin, chymostatin and/or antipain, proteinase inhibitors of microbial origin, resulted in a distinct attenuation of the severity of the induced process, whereas aprotinin and chloroquine had no effect. The results indicate that use of the microbial proteinase inhibitors should be considered as potential therapeutic agents in cases of pancreatitis.
Sulphasalazine and SpermatogenesisFreeman, J.G.; Reece, V.A.C.; Venables, C.W.
doi: 10.1159/000198712pmid: 6123457
The semen of 11 patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with sulphasalazine (Salazopyrin) was analysed and compared with that of 6 men with similar disease not treated with the drug. The treated group had significantly reduced sperm population density and motility compared with the untreated group. Both groups had high numbers of abnormal spermatozoa compared with the standard for our laboratory, but there was no significant difference between the two groups for this parameter. Sulphasalazine has a deleterious effect on spermatogenesis.