Digestion

Parkash, Om

doi: 10.1159/000197667pmid: 1183746

On the basis of the autopsy data from the Pathology Department of the Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna from 1928 to 1972, it has been shown that gall-stones occur more frequently in conjunction with the carcinoma of the gall-bladder but have not aetiological relationship with the malignancy. It is further shown that the carcinoma of the bile ducts is more common in males and the carcinoma of the gall-bladder more common in females.

Thjodleifsson, B.; Wormsley, K.G.

doi: 10.1159/000197668pmid: 1183747

Metiamide was given to patients with peptic ulcer or oesophagitis in a pilot study to establish the therapeutic value of the drug. Administration of metiamide resulted in relief of pain within a week in the majority of patients. Healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers was observed.

Pector, J.C.; Verbeustel, S.; Lambilliotte, J.P.

doi: 10.1159/000197669pmid: 1183748

Fractional clearance of colloidal gold particles (k), liver weight and hepatic cytochrome P-450 were measured in rats with portacaval shunt and in rats with portacaval shunt plus arterialization of the hepatic stump of the portal vein. The effects of enzyme induction by phenobarbital was studied in both groups. Total arterialization of the liver provides a probably normal hepatic blood flow and seems to protect the liver from post-shunt atrophy. Nevertheless, in both arterialized and shunted rats, the cytochrome P-450 concentration was significantly lower than in controls. The same results were obtained after treatment by phenobarbital. These findings suggest that normal hepatic blood flow and oxygen supply are not the main determinant of a normal activity of the hepatic microsomal bio transformation system. Substances present in portal blood would probably be necessary in maintaining hepatic cytochrome P-450 level.

Davies, M.; Taylor, T.V.

doi: 10.1159/000197670pmid: 1183749

Using agar casts of human post-mortem stomachs we have shown that (1) A 4-cm Heineke-Mikulicz (H-M) pyloroplasty increases the diameter of the narrowest area of the pylorus in every case. (2) Further increase to an 8-cm pyloroplasty leads to a further comparable increase in the size of the outlet. (3) The distortion caused by H-M pyloroplasty does not reduce the mean cross-sectioned area of the pyloric canal. (4) The narrowest area of the outlet appears to remain at the pylorus. These findings and their significance in gastric emptying are briefly discussed.

Henman, F.D.

doi: 10.1159/000197671pmid: 241675

The location and discovery of histidine decarboxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the stomach are described. Feeding and gastrin-like agents stimulate increased gastric histidine decarboxylase (HD) activity in rats. Procedures which result in increased gastrin release – often by raising antral pH – also have this action in intact but not in antrectomised rats. Evidence for a histaminic feedback mechanism controlling HD levels is discussed. HD activity is reduced by protein synthesis inhibitors and by chronic pyridoxine deficiency. The effects of inhibitors of HD on gastric secretion in rat, dog and man are reviewed. The role of HD and histamine in gastric secretion is considered.

Caspary, W.F.; Lücke, H.

doi: 10.1159/000197672pmid: 1183750

Since biguanides are known to inhibit hexose and amino acid absorption in vivo and in vitro as well as vitamin B₁₂ absorption the effect of phenethylbiguanide on taurocholate (TC) and water absorption was measured in rat ileum in vivo. Phenethylbiguanide exhibited a time-dependent inhibitory effect on TC- and water absorption. If the bile acid inhibitory effect of biguanides can be found in diabetics on treatment with biguanides it might explain the observed cholesterol-lowering effect of these oral antidiabetic drugs.

Saunders, J.H.B.; Thjodleifsson, B.; Wormsley, K.G.

doi: 10.1159/000197673pmid: 1183751

In patients with duodenal ulcer, basal secretion may be significantly inhibited by venepuncture or by overnight aspiration of gastric contents. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Gupta, S.; Rao, T.R.G.

doi: 10.1159/000197674pmid: 1183752

Gastric acid secretion studies were carried out in 48 patients with pancreatic disease and in 20 control subjects. The mean basal and maximal outputs were lower in the patients than in control subjects. The present study indicates that such patients are not likely to suffer from gastric hypersecretion and peptic ulceration.

doi: 10.1159/000197675pmid: N/A