Diabetologia

Cerasi, E.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422811pmid: 166897

Johansen, K.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422812pmid: 1140515

125 11 11 1 1 K. Johansen M. D. Kommunehospitalet Second University Clinic of Internal Medicine Aarhus Denmark Medical Dept. F Glostrup Hospital DK-2600 Glostrup Denmark Summary The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the most commonly used criteria for the interpretation of the oral (OGTT) and intravenous (IVGTT) glucose tolerance tests and the intravenous tolbutamide test (IVTT) and to establish the criteria that give the highest degree of diagnostic agreement. The highest degree of diagnostic agreement was obtained with the following limits: a) blood glucose > or ≤ 120 mg/100 ml within 2 1/2 h after a 100 g OGTT together with b) a k-value of > or ≤ 1.05 as a limit for a 25 g IVGTT and c) a 30 min blood glucose level as percentage of fasting of > or ≤ 77 as limit for a 1 g IVTT. Using these criteria the three tests deemed the same subjects either diabetic or nondiabetic in about 2/3 of the cases. The best correlation between the blood glucose values of the OGTT and the k-values of the IVGTT and the 30 min values of the IVTT was obtained using the blood glucose concentrations of the last part of the OGTT. The 2 and the 3 hr values were however equal to the 2 1/2 hr values with regard to the degree of correlation with the values of the intravenous test. The results indicated that the diagnostic disagreement reported previously between the three tests may partly be due to the use of blood glucose values in the first part of the OGTT for the classification of the test and partly due to the screening limits chosen for interpretation of the three test.

Petersen, K.; Heilmeyer, P.; Kerp, L.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422813pmid: 166898

125 11 11 1 1 K. -G. Petersen P. Heilmeyer L. Kerp Abteilung für klinische Endokrinologie der Medizin.-Univ.-Klinik Freiburg i. Br. Federal Republic of Germany Summary The protein synthesis in normal and in EMC-virus infected mouse islets of Langerhans was investigated. Mouse large glucagon immunoreactivity was determined by an immunoassay after chromatographic separation. It was characterized as a peptide of 16000 MW with in intracellular half-life of 35–45 min. The proportional reduction of void volume proteins, large glucagon immunoreactivity and proinsulin synthesis after infection shows, that both alpha-and beta-cells are damaged by the virus. A reduction in the synthesis of the three protein fractions was already found 6 hrs after inoculation of the virus and remained nearly constant for 48 hrs. An almost complete breakdown of protein synthesis occured 60 to 70 hrs after infection and was paralleled by the first light microscopic changes in the islets. The stimulation of proinsulin synthesis by glucose was preserved for 48 hrs after EMC-virus infection.

Kohner, E.; Hamilton, A.; Saunders, S.; Sutcliffe, B.; Bulpitt, C.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422814pmid: 1140516

125 11 11 1 1 E. M. Kohner A. M. Hamilton S. J. Saunders B. A. Sutcliffe C. J. Bulpitt Department of Medicine Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital London England Summary Retinal blood flow was studied in 9 normal volunteers and 36 diabetic patients. The method used was based on the measurement of the mean transit time of flourescein in the superior temporal quandrant of the retina and on estimation of the vascular volume by measuring vessels diameters. The results showed that patients with mild or no retinopathy had significantly increased volume flow compared with normals, those with moderate retinopathy had a slight but not significant increase and those with severe retinopathy had blood flow similar to that found in normals. The mean transit time was reduced significantly in those with mild or no retinopathy, but was similar to normals in those with moderate and severe retinopathy. Following succesful pituitary ablation and photocoagulation retinal blood flow was reduced compared with pre-treatment studies.

Grayburn, J.; Harvey, R.; Jennings, R.; Dowsett, L.; Hartog, M.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422815pmid: 1140517

125 11 11 1 1 J. A. Grayburn R. F. Harvey R. D. Jennings L. Dowsett M. Hartog University Department of Medicine, and Dept. of Chemical Pathology Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol England Summary The relationship between changes of serum immuno-reactive cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) and serum immuno-reactive insulin has been studied after various stimuli. The oral administration of 5% glucose or magnesium sulphate and the intra-duodenal administration of olive oil were all followed by a rise of serum CCK-PZ. The serum insulin rose after 5% glucose and also showed a small but insignificant rise with olive oil. There was, however, no change of serum insulin after the ingestion of magnesium sulphate suggesting that CCK-PZ in isolation does not stimulate insulin release.

Bilić, N.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422816pmid: 166899

125 11 11 1 1 Dr. N. Bilić Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Yugoslavia Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Milchwirtschaft CH-3097 Liebefeld-Bern Switzerland Summary It is shown that alloxan inhibits binding of SITS to liver cells. This indicates the cell membrane as a site of alloxan action. Alloxan is found to react with tissues to form complexes that are detectable up to 3 hrs after alloxan treatment. On the basis of the present findings, an assumption is made that alloxan inhibits a cell membrane processes by blockade of functionally important groups.

Goldman, J.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422817pmid: 1140518

125 11 11 1 1 J. A. Goldman Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Beilinson Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University Medical School Israel Summary In order to evaluate long-term effects of different types of oral contraceptive compounds, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in 2 groups of normal, nondiabetic patients: 36 women using a progesterone-alone oral contraceptive, ethynodiol diacetate, and 36 women using a combinationtype drug, containing norethynodrel and mestranol. Each patient was tested before and after 6 months of treatment. There were no significant differences from pre-treatment glucose and insulin values in the first group of women (on ethynodiol diacetate). In the second group (on norethynodrel and mestranol), there was a significant elevation of mean blood glucose levels at 15, 30 and 120 min of the glucose tolerance test. Nevertheless, a significant elevation of plasma insulin was seen only at 60 min of the test. Patients participating in this study will continue this treatment, and monitoring of carbohydrate metabolism is contemplated over a period of several years.

Lenzen, S.; Panten, U.; Hasselblatt, A.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422818pmid: 1140519

125 11 11 1 1 S. Lenzen U. Panten A. Hasselblatt Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Universität Göttingen Germany Summary Thyroxine treatment increases blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in the rat. The hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide is more pronounced in treated animals. The immediate insulin secretory response of the isolated perfused pancreas to maximal, but not to submaximal, glucose stimuli was increased after thyroxine treatment, especially in the lower dose range. However, as thyroxine treatment reduces insulin release during the prolonged late phase, the total amount of insulin released from the pancreas is reduced. Both the early response to tolbutamide and the subsequent basal secretion were increased after thyroxine treatment. When the pancreas of treated rats was exposed to glucose plus pyruvate the inhibition of the late phase was reversed. Isoprenaline did not overcome the inhibitory effect of thyroxine treatment on the late phase of glucose-induced insulin release. Thyroxine induces a selective inhibition of glucose induced insulin release which is reversed by pyruvate; this indicates that thyroxine interferes with the glycolysis in the beta cell.

Heath, H.; Kang, S.; Philippou, D.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422819pmid: 124673

125 11 11 1 1 H. Heath S. S. Kang D. Philippou Department of Biochemical Pathology University College Hospital Medical School London England Summary The feeding of starch- or sucrose-rich diets to normal rats for 20 days resulted in a significant increase in lactate level and L/P ratio in the retina in the sucrose-fed animals. There was no correlation between the glucose and lactate content of the blood and retina and it was concluded that the increased lactate content of the retina was derived from the fructose moiety of the sucrose. Liver hypertrophy occurred in both normal and diabetic animals fed the sucrose diet. When streptozotocin-diabetic rats were maintained for 20 days on the same diets significant increases in the lactic acid content of the blood and liver occurred, but the high level of lactate in the retina of the sucrose-fed normal rats was not further elevated. The feeding of sucrose to diabetic rats resulted in better metabolic control of both blood glucose and lactate as compared with the maintenance of these animals on a starch diet.

Ziegler, M.; Hahn, H.; Ziegler, B.; Köhler, E.; Fiedler, H.

doi: 10.1007/BF00422820pmid: 1095440

125 11 11 1 1 M. Ziegler H. -J. Hahn B. Ziegler E. Köhler H. Fiedler Central Institute for Diabetes “G. Katsch” Karlsburg German Democratic Republic Summary Isolated pancreatic islets of normoglycemic sand rats do not respond to 2.5 mM glucose with an enhanced glucagon secretion, which could be observed in normal Wistar rats. Arginine stimulates glucagon release in the presence of 2.5 mM glucose in Wistar rats as well as in sand rats. The secretion pattern is not caused by insulin deficiency since sand rat islets are characterized by an increased insulin secretion rate in vitro. This paradoxical glucagon secretion is not caused by a changed glucagon content but might be related to this species which is able to develop a diabetic syndrome spontaneously.