Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

Güneş, Adem; Tarhan, Leyla; Soğutmaz Özdemir, Bahar; Turan, Metin; Şahin, Fikrettin

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2022.2159037pmid: N/A

Tomatoes are one of the most popular and widely grown vegetables in the world. Due to the excessive and unconscious use of chemical fertilizers used in tomato cultivation for high yields, economic and environmental problems such as loss of soil fertility and pollution can occur. So, in this study, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) bacteria were applied to the soil in a tuff carrier medium and the yield parameters of tomato plants were investigated. Bandita F1 tomato seedlings were used in this study. Approximately 108 cfu g−1 bacteria were added to the medium sized tuff material (8 × 8 × 11 mm). The tuff materials with PGPR were applied to the soil according to the experimental group. A trial model was created as the plots in which bacteria inoculated tuff material was applied and the plots without bacteria were applied. Approximately 50 g of Tuff + PGPR material was applied to each plant root and irrigated according to the water requirement of the plants. The highest yield (6016 kg da-1) was obtained when tuff inoculated with bacteria was applied. In this application, an increase of 9.0% was recorded compared to the control group. In the application of tuff inoculated with bacteria, the amount of chlorophyll increased by 4.66%, membrane permeability by 3.0% and the amount of photosynthesis by 3.91% compared to the control group. It was found that the use of tuff materials inoculated with bacteria would have a positive effect on the yield of the tomato plant.

Nira, Rikiya

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2022.2159038pmid: N/A

Nitrogen (N) release from crop residues is an important process which sustains the pool of available N in soils. Effects of application of the residues of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on gross and net N-mineralization and microbial biomass were investigated during incubation. The aim was to clarify how slower N release from crop residues relates to microbial biomass in Brown Andosols (BA; U.S. Soil Taxonomy: Andisols) compared to Brown Lowland soils (BL; U.S. Soil Taxonomy: Inceptisols). When microbial biomass N was increasing, gross N-mineralization rate was high and much inorganic N was actively immobilized. After reaching a maximum, the microbial biomass N was stable in BA, whereas microbial biomass N in BL treated with sugar beet residue decreased and inorganic N accumulated after 1 week incubation. In both soils treated with wheat residues, the microbial biomass N increased slowly for a long period due to lack of labile carbon (C), especially in BA which was able to hold a large microbial biomass. These findings suggest that factors other than low microorganism activity just after application of crop residues, such as the stability of synthesized biomass are important for the slow release of N from crop residues in volcanic ash soils.

Marcos Brignoli, Fernando; Gatiboni, Luciano Colpo; Mumbach, Gilmar Luiz; Dall’Orsoletta, Daniel João; de Souza, Abelino Anacleto; Grando, Douglas Luiz

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2022.2159039pmid: N/A

The improvement of the chemical conditions of the soil in the subsurface is indicated as an alternative to increasing soybean yields because it is related to greater efficiency of water and nutrient use, such as phosphorus (P). The study aimed to evaluate the soil chemical changes and the soybean yield due to the application of P and gypsum. For this, a field experiment was conducted between 2017 and 2020 under a Humic Cambisol in Southern Brazil. The treatments were composed of four corrective rates of P2O5 (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha−1) associated or not with agricultural gypsum (0 and 1400 kg ha−1). In the first year of evaluation, there was an increase in soybean yield with gypsum, and rates of P. In the absence of P correction, root length density was higher in the 20–30 cm layer. There was a linear increase in P available in the topsoil (0–10 cm) as a function of the nutrient rate. With gypsum application, there was an increase in calcium (Ca) and reduction of magnesium (Mg) in the 0–10 cm layer, besides the increase of sulfate (S-SO4 2-) in all layers. The application of agricultural gypsum promotes chemical changes in the soil at depths of up to 40 cm and gains in soybean yield, even without altering the efficiency of P use by plants.

Srivastava, Prakash C; Shrivastava, Manoj

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2022.2159040pmid: N/A

Different chemical extractants and ion exchange resins are used to assess the bioavailability of soil nutrients for crop plants. The major problems associated with the use of IER in soil testing are their reusability and the difficulties encountered in their separation from the soil being extracted. We addressed these difficulties by encapsulating a weakly acidic cation exchange resin and weakly basic anion exchange resin in separate dialysis membrane pouches and suspending them together in a cellulose extraction thimble during extraction. The suitability of this method has been evaluated for diverse types of soils widely varying in physicochemical properties. The standardization of protocol revealed that the ideal conditions for extraction of micronutrients were: 20:40 soil water ratio and 4 h extraction at 25°C in a shaker incubator at 120 rpm. This simple modified ion exchange resin method can be used multiple times for routine soil tests in laboratories for extraction of cationic micronutrients. The soil extracts can be analyzed for cationic micronutrients. The coefficients of determination (R2) between resin extractable- and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid extractable- nutrients were 0.31, 0.59, 0.67, and 0.88 for Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn, respectively.

Touati, Rabeb; Laajili-Ghezal, Lamia; Nsiri, Ines; Ben Hassine, Habib; Eleuch, Ahmed; Bannour, Ahmed; Farhat, Zouhair

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2022.2159041pmid: N/A

The scarcity of water is a major problem in Tunisia. Thus, 50% of water resources are with salinity higher than 1.5 g L−1 and 16% with salinity exceeding 3 g L−1. To use this saline water in crop irrigation, new technologies for water treatment can be applied such us electromagnetic irrigation water device. In this context, a field experiment was carried out at Zitouna Agricultural Development Company in Zaghouan governorate to study the impact of magnetized irrigation water on clay soil and on leaf mineral content of Arbequina olive tree growing under drip irrigation with saline water. Bimonthly soil samples were taken with an auger every 20 cm over 1 m depth. Olive leaf samples were taken from the trees located above the soil sampling points. The results showed that soil parameters variations are the same throughout the depths 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. As a consequence, the interpretation of the effect of magnetized irrigation water was restricted to 0–100 cm soil depth. However, a slight decrease of the pH was observed with the use of magnetized water. On other side, we reported that the electromagnetic treatment of irrigation water increases the soil moisture (Hs) and favors the absorption of N, P, K+, and Na+ by olive tree leaf tissues. Also, water use efficiency (WUE) in the plot irrigated with treated water is equal to 1.3 compared to that irrigated with untreated water. Thus, 30% improvement in yield using treated water.

Goiba, Pema Khandu; Prakash, Nagabovanalli B.; Dhumgond, Prabhudev; Shruthi, ; G. S., Yogesh

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2022.2161558pmid: N/A

Gypsum as a nutrient source has been used in agriculture for many years. Slag-based gypsum (SBG) is a synthetic gypsum prepared from by-product of steel industry. A pot culture experiment was conducted to know the effect of SBG on growth, yield and nutrient availability of rice in three different soils (acidic, neutral and alkaline soil) under controlled condition of greenhouse. The experiment consisted of five various (300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 kg ha−1) levels of SBG along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (100: 50: 50 as N: P2O5: K2O kg ha−1) and one RDF and Absolute control) with three replications using complete randomized design (CRD). The results indicated that the growth parameters viz. plant height, number of tillers and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) and yield attributes (panicle length, number of panicles and test weight) of the rice crop were mostly enhanced with the application of 750 kg SBG ha−1. Application of SBG recorded strong positive correlation between the nutrient uptake and total yield of rice. pH and Electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil increased linearly with the application of graded levels of SBG and recorded higher with the application of 900 kg SBG ha−1 in all three soils. Among the three soils, acidic soil was found to perform better in terms of growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of rice with application of SBG. Further long-term trial may be necessary to study its effect in different soils under field condition.

González-Osorio, H.; Sadeghian, S.; Medina, R.; Furia, L.

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2023.2171051pmid: N/A

Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) are necessary for coffee production. To supply coffee requirements, approximately 50% of Colombian coffee growers use bulk blends of fertilizers. However, the fertilizer sources available are few and are usually not compatible with other granulated sources, causing low fertilization efficiency. To evaluate the effect of granulated polyhalite (GPoly4), a multimineral source of K, Mg, Ca and S, on coffee yield and coffee quality, an experiment was carried out on Colombian coffee growing in the experimental soil Typic Melanudand, containing 0.40, 0.50 and 0.40 cmol(P+) kg−1 of K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. The response of six treatments viz. NPK-GPoly4, NPK-CaNO3- CaSO4-MgO, NPK-MgSO4, NPK-CaNO3-MgSO4, NPK-CaNO3-MgO, and NPK (control), on yield and coffee quality were studied. Applications of NPK-GPoly4 and its nutritional equivalent, using NPK-CaNO3-MgO, increased coffee cherry yield. The nutrient content in coffee leaves and soil explained the results. The coffee bean had good quality, and the quality parameters of the coffee drink i.e. acidity, body and balance were much improved than the desired levels in all of the treatments. According to the results, GPoly4 must be considered as an alternate source to supply K, Ca, Mg and S to coffee in Colombia.

Akpinar, Cagdas; Ortas, Ibrahim

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2023.2177302pmid: N/A

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of phosphorus (P) dose application effects on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield, mineral nutrients concentration and soil C (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration. From 1998to date, the same soil plots (200 m2) have been fertilized regularly with the same P fertilizer doses, namely 0 (PO), 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 200 (P200) kg P2O5 ha−1 as triple superphosphate (TSP). For the current study, fertilization was done 1 week before seed planting in 2013. Wheat yield increased with increasing P dose applications under long-term field conditions. Compared to the control treatment, 50, 100 and 200 P2O5 ha−1 application significantly increased wheat yield by 60%, 85% and 138%, respectively. Agronomic efficiency decreased with P-level increases. Indigenous root infection results and number of spore count decreased due to increasing P fertilizer application. With increasing fertilizer doses, soil organic C and N increased as well. It was concluded that since plants grow better with high P doses application, it may have a positive impact on organic matter (OM) remaining in the soil and increased soil C and N concentration.

de Castro Santiago Lattari, Angelie; Moll Hüther, Cristina; Correia, Daniela Marques; Ferreira, Vitor Francisco; Rodrigues Corrêa, Elisia; de Almeida, Gustavo Cesar Araujo; Abbud Righi, Ciro; Pereira, Carlos Rodrigues

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2023.2177303

Deliboran, Aise

doi: 10.1080/00103624.2023.2177304pmid: N/A

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium selenate foliar application on the biofortification of selenium (Se) compositions of grain maize (Zea mays L. cvs. DKC 5783 F1). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications, and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) was applied at eight different levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 g Se ha−1) from the foliar when the maize plant reached 50–70 cm in height. Applications did not statistically affect yields and biomass, the contents of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo), but it affected Se content. The total Se levels varied between 27 and 523 µg kg−1, the highest value was obtained from 100 g Se ha−1 application. When the amount of foliar-applied Se was increased from 0 to 100 g Se ha−1, the Se content increased by 19.37-fold and Se accumulation increased by 19.30-fold. Se recovery showed no significant change across the Se rates with an average of 37.01%. Foliar selenium application showed a significantly greater potential for increasing the Se level in grain maize, with 1 g of Se ha−1 increasing the grains by 5.23 µg kg−1. In this study, the Se content of maize grain increased with foliar selenate application. For human Se nutrient, it would be necessary to consume more than 100 g of maize (dry weight) per day with the foliar selenate application to maize.