journal article
LitStream Collection
Home
Reinau, D.; Weiss, M.; Meier, C.R.; Diepgen, T.L.; Surber, C.
doi: 10.1111/bjd.12160pmid: 23252833
SummarySun protection is a major concern for outdoor workers as they are particularly exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation and therefore at increased risk of developing some forms of skin cancer, cataract and ocular neoplasm. In order to provide an overview of outdoor workers’ sun‐related knowledge, attitudes and protective behaviours as reported in the literature and to evaluate the effectiveness of sun‐safety education programmes in outdoor occupational settings, we conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO) from their inception up to 25 April 2012. An extensive hand search complemented the database searches. We identified 34 relevant articles on descriptive studies and 18 articles on interventional studies. Considerable numbers of outdoor workers were found to have sun‐sensitive skin types; sunburn rates per season ranged from 50% to 80%. Data concerning outdoor workers’ sun‐related knowledge and attitudes were scarce and controversial. The reported sun‐protective behaviours were largely inadequate, with many workers stating that they never or only rarely wore a long‐sleeved shirt (50–80%), sun‐protective headgear (30–80%) and sunscreen (30–100%) while working in the sun. However, there is growing evidence that occupational sun‐safety education is effective in increasing outdoor workers’ sun‐protection habits and presumably in decreasing sunburn rates. Occupational sun‐safety education programmes offer great potential for improving outdoor workers’ largely insufficient sun‐protective behaviours. It is hoped that, in the future, committed support from healthcare authorities, cancer foundations, employers and dermatologists will open the way for rapid and uncomplicated implementation of sun‐safety education programmes.
Savas, J.A.; Ledon, J.A.; Franca, K.; Chacon, A.; Nouri, K.
doi: 10.1111/bjd.12204pmid: 23290045
SummaryPort‐wine stains (PWS) are among the most common congenital vascular malformations. Unlike capillary haemangiomas, these lesions do not involute spontaneously but rather become progressively more disfiguring as the patient ages. While benign in nature, the cosmetic deformity and attendant psychological and emotional distress prompt the majority of those afflicted to seek treatment. The pulsed dye laser (PDL) has long been considered the treatment of choice for these vascular lesions; however, very few patients achieve total clearance with PDL therapy and a significant number of lesions fail to respond at all. In order to address these recalcitrant cases, the mechanisms that contribute to treatment resistance must be understood and novel laser and light therapies must be employed. This review will address what is currently known about lesion‐specific characteristics of PDL‐resistant PWS as well as discuss current and future treatment options.
Samarasekera, E.J.; Sawyer, L.; Wonderling, D.; Tucker, R.; Smith, C.H.
doi: 10.1111/bjd.12276pmid: 23413913
SummaryThe majority of people with psoriasis have localized disease, where topical therapy forms the cornerstone of treatment. We set out to summarize evidence on the relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of different topical treatments used in plaque psoriasis. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomized trial data of U.K.‐licensed topical therapies. The primary outcome was clear or nearly clear status stratified for (i) trunk and limbs; and (ii) scalp. Network meta‐analyses allowed ranking of treatment efficacy. In total, 48 studies were available for trunk and limb psoriasis, and 17 for scalp psoriasis (22 028 patients in total); the majority included people with at least moderate severity psoriasis. Strategies containing potent corticosteroids (alone or in combination with a vitamin D analogue) or very potent corticosteroids dominated the treatment hierarchy at both sites (trunk and limbs, scalp); coal tar and retinoids were no better than placebo. No significant differences in achievement of clear or nearly clear status were observed between twice‐ and once‐daily application of the same intervention or between any of the following: combined vitamin D analogue and potent corticosteroid (applied separately or in a single product), very potent corticosteroids, or potent corticosteroids (applied twice daily). Investigator and patient assessment of response differed significantly for some interventions (response rates to very potent corticosteroids: 78% and 39%, respectively). No significant differences were noted for tolerability or steroid atrophy, but data were limited. In conclusion, corticosteroids are highly effective in psoriasis when used continuously for up to 8 weeks and intermittently for up to 52 weeks. Coal tar and retinoids are of limited benefit. There is a lack of long‐term efficacy and safety data available on topical interventions used for psoriasis.
Kim, J.‐A.; Ahn, B.‐N.; Kong, C.‐S.; Kim, S.‐K.
doi: 10.1111/bjd.12187pmid: 23278330
SummaryBackground Skin ageing is influenced by environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The effects of UV radiation on skin functions should be investigated using human in vitro models to understand the mechanisms of skin ageing. Additionally, marine algae provide a valuable source for identifying and extracting biologically active substances.Objectives In this study, sargachromanol E was isolated from a marine brown alga, Sargassum horneri, and its inhibitory effect on skin ageing was investigated using UVA‐irradiated dermal fibroblasts.Methods Formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation induced by UVA irradiation were investigated in UVA‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were determined by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.Results Sargachromanol E did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity or phototoxicity in UVA‐exposed dermal fibroblasts. Additionally, sargachromanol E suppressed intracellular formation of ROS, membrane protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and expression of collagenases such as MMP‐1, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, all of which are caused by UVA exposure. It was further found that these inhibitions were related to an increase in the expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes, TIMP1 and TIMP2. Moreover, we have shown that the transcriptional activation of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) signalling caused by UVA irradiation was inhibited by treatment with sargachromanol E.Conclusions This study suggests that UVA irradiation modulates MMP expression via the transcriptional activation of AP‐1 signalling, whereas treatment with sargachromanol E protected cell damage caused by UVA irradiation.
Cho, S.B.; Zheng, Z.; Ahn, K.J.; Choi, M.J.; Cho, S.; Kim, D.‐Y.; Lee, H.S.; Bang, D.
doi: 10.1111/bjd.12128pmid: 23137016
SummaryBackground Infectious agents, especially Streptococcus sanguinis and herpes simplex virus, have long been postulated as major triggering factors for Behçet disease (BD).Objectives To identify an anti‐S. sanguinis antigen reacting with serum IgA antibody in patients with BD.Methods We detected a target protein by proteomics analysis and evaluated serum IgA reactivity of 100 patients with BD against the identified streptococcal target protein and human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1. Homologous epitope sequences between the streptococcal target protein and human hnRNP A2/B1 were also evaluated.Results Four protein bands were detected by immunoprecipitation, and chaperonin GroEL was identified by a proteomics analysis. Reactivity of serum IgA against recombinant S. sanguinis GroEL was detected in 77 of 100 patients with BD (77%) and in 21 of 70 healthy controls (30%). In addition, reactivity of serum IgA against human recombinant hnRNP A2/B1 was seen in 79 of 100 patients with BD (79%) and in eight of 70 healthy controls (11%). Among the eight distinctive epitopes with significant homology between S. sanguinis GroEL and human hnRNP A2/B1, the serum IgA reactivity of patients with BD was markedly higher with epitope 3 (hnRNP A2/B1 peptide 33–46 and GroEL peptide 57–70) and epitope 6 (hnRNP A2/B1 peptide 177–188 and GroEL peptide 347–358).Conclusion We identified an S. sanguinis GroEL protein as a target of serum anti‐S. sanguinis IgA antibody reactivity in patients with BD. In addition, patients with BD exhibited serum IgA reactivity against homologous epitope regions between S. sanguinis GroEL and human hnRNP A2/B1.
Showing 1 to 10 of 44 Articles