Biomedical Engineering

Kasyanov, V.; Pereira, F.; Parfenov, V.; Kudan, E.; Bulanova, E.; Khesuani, Yu.; Mironov, V.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9559-5pmid: N/A

A patient-specific auricular prosthesis made of biocompatible non-biodegradable polyurethane with biomimetic mechanical properties was developed and printed using a 3D printer. A three-point bending study of the mechanical properties of printed samples of this material showed that the printed prosthesis is similar in its material properties to natural human aural cartilage. After subcutaneous implantation into mice the auricular prosthesis maintained its initial shape and size. Thus, 3D printing enables creation of a patient-specific biocompatible auricular prosthesis with biomimetic material properties and the ability to maintain the original shape and size after in vivo implantation.

Porphiriev, A.; Pugovkin, A.; Selishchev, S.; Telyshev, D.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9560-zpmid: N/A

The article presents the results of development and experimental studies of artificial ventricles used for modeling the cardiovascular system. The ventricle is divided into two hemispheres separated by a membrane, ensuring the necessary level of contractility of the artificial ventricle and separating its hydraulic and pneumatic components. The study considered two versions of the ventricle, with mechanical check valves (Vesta Trading, Shcherbinka, Moscow, Russia) and bicuspid artificial valves (ZAO NPP MedEng, Penza, Russia) as aortic and mitral valves. The designed ventricles were compared with a reference, which was represented by a Medos VAD membranous artificial ventricle (Medos Medizintechnik AG, Stolberg, Germany).

Novikov, I.; Yurkov, I.; Komarovskaia, A.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9561-ypmid: N/A

A mathematical model of the blood glucose concentration dynamics under the effect of such factors as food, physical activity, and insulin was suggested and tested. The model can be used to describe and predict the dynamics of blood glucose concentration in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus.

Pashentsev, V.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9562-xpmid: N/A

The article considers the production of radionuclides in nuclear reactors and proton accelerators for three main generators, 99Mo/ 99mTc, 82Sr/ 82Rb and 68Ge/ 68Ga, and shows the advantages of using radionuclide generators for production of radiopharmaceuticals. Germanium-68 is manufactured using cyclotrons with an energy of 23-30 MeV. Linear proton accelerators or cyclotrons with an energy of 70-160 MeV are used for production of Rubidium-82.

Gerasimenko, A.; Ichkitidze, L.; Pavlov, A.; Piyankov, E.; Ryabkin, D.; Savelyev, M.; Selishchev, S.; Rimshan, I.; Zhurbina, N.; Podgaetskii, V.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9563-9pmid: N/A

A device for laser welding of biological tissues was developed. The main elements of the device are a laser guidance system and an adaptive thermal stabilization system. The laser solder is based on a water−albumin dispersion of single-layer carbon nanotubes (SCNTs). The properties of the SCNTs were tested using scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the weld was found to have cracks up to 10 μm in width and 150 μm in length. The cracks contained SCNT bundles <50 nm in diameter, which provided coagulation-induced sealing of the nanocomposite onto the biological tissue, thus strengthening the wound edges. Data on the welding contact temperature maintained during laser welding, the exposure time, and the corresponding weld rupture strength were obtained. The optimal weld temperature at maximal weld strength was 50-55°C. At this temperature, use of point laser welding made it possible to avoid thermal necrosis of surrounding healthy biological tissue and to obtain a welding nanocomposite with sufficient bonding strength.

Brazovskii, K.; Pekker, J.; Soldatov, A.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9564-8pmid: N/A

Several circuit designs and hardware implementations of probe current sources for broadband electrical impedance measurements were compared. The basic parameters of the circuits were studied by numerical methods. Various hardware implementations were experimentally tested. Printed circuit board topologies providing parameters close to those obtained by model estimation were suggested.

Zhamova, K.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9565-7pmid: N/A

Modern microfocal X-ray tubes and their use in X-ray sources with increased power and voltage are described.

Mineev, S.; Novikov, V.; Kuzmina, I.; Shatalin, R.; Grin, I.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9566-6pmid: N/A

The results of development of a monitoring system for a medical exoskeleton are presented. A subsystem of sensors consisting of a MEMS sensor and a group of magnetic inclinometers is described. The problem of the interface between the sensor subsystem and the exoskeleton control system is discussed. The characteristics of the developed system for exoskeleton monitoring are analyzed. The system is shown to hold promise for application in medical rehabilitation systems.

Petukhov, D.; Telyshev, D.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9567-5pmid: N/A

The reaction of the Sputnik rotary blood pump to preload and afterload was analyzed. A mathematical model of the blood pump was suggested. The characteristics of the Sputnik pump were compared to those of the DuraHeart and INCOR commercial pump models. The effect of afterload on the pump capacity and preload sensitivity was analyzed. The preload sensitivity was shown to correlate with the shape of the head–capacity curves. It was demonstrated that the Sputnik pump had higher sensitivity to preload [mean value, (0.121 ± 0.0092) l·min–1·mm Hg –1] because of the flatter head–capacity curve as compared to the DuraHeart and INCOR commercial pumps.

Belov, S.; Danyleiko, Yu.; Ezhov, V.; Elkanova, E.; Nefedov, S.; Osiko, V.; Salyuk, V.; Sidorov, V.

doi: 10.1007/s10527-016-9568-4pmid: N/A

The results of research into the mechanism of the effect of shock waves on the surface structures of biological tissues are presented. Shock waves were applied to the surface structures to provide their destruction under exposure to laser radiation. The laser radiation parameters were selected so as to reduce its absorption by biological tissues. Fine particles of activated carbon with a high proportion of mesopores filled with unbound water were used to activate the shock-wave decomposition of biological tissues with minimal thermal damage. Particles were deposited on the surface of the biological tissue exposed to laser radiation. The results of histological studies of the shock-wave effect on porcine vulva skin are presented. The results obtained under otherwise identical parameters of laser radiation, but in the absence of a water suspension of fine laser-absorbing particles on the skin surface, are presented for comparison.