Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association

Calder, Kenneth

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300101pmid: N/A

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300102pmid: N/A

Schacter, Joseph

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300103pmid: 7650268

Cohen, Sandra K.

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300104pmid: 7650271

Mayer, Elizabeth Lloyd

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300105pmid: 7650274

I suggest that two developmental lines contribute to the achievement of female gender identity. One is rooted in the phallic Castration complex, and the other in primary femininity. Far from being mutually exclusive, the two comprise necessary aspects of every girl's progress toward becoming a woman. To that extent, every woman's analysis will include the analysis of compromise formations that emerge from both. In distinguishing clinical manifestations of each developmental line, I suggest that it may be useful to conceptualize primary femininity and the phallic castration complex as affect-defense configurations which incorporate two fundamentally different ideas about danger. In conflicts of primary femininity, danger is anticipated: anxiety is the signal for compromise formation, since what is actually possessed (the female genital). is valued and is therefore imagined as subject to danger. In the phallic castration complex, danger is imagined already to have occurred. Depressive affectbecomes the primary motive for defense, based on a fantasy that what is valued (the male genital) has already been lost This distinction may facilitate our efforts to specify exactly how recent revisions in theories of female development have explicit implications for practice.

Gilmore, Karen

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300106pmid: 7650284

Gender identity disorder in girls is reported far less frequently than in boys. The analysis of a six-year-old adopted girl with gender identity disorder is presented to show the Importance of the motherinfant relationship and of parental, especially maternal, attitudes toward gender in the normal development of gender identity and gender role definition. This child's unusual history included a late adoption, with clear evidence of separation trauma, and the ongoing influence of maternal infertility. Her symptoms of gender identity disorder appeared before her second birthday and were well established by three years of age. The analysis, from age six to thirteen, achieved a better adaptation to her gender. Her masculine strivings gradually became incorporated into an essentially feminine orientation.

Busch, Fred

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300107pmid: 7650285

While action is increasingly viewed as ubiquitous throughout psychoanalytic treatment, our understanding of why it occurs is limited by rudimentary views of verbalization and action. Dynamic and genetic interpretations of action, usually given at a time of resistance impasse, give only a partial explanation of the phenomenon. The question is explored of why the behavior may appear in the form of action, as well as its implication for interpretive strategies. A major premise is that the role of the ego has been overlooked, especially modes of thinking associated with earlier developmental levels.

Renik, Owen

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300108pmid: 7650286

The role played by an analyst's expectations in technique is taken up via consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of resistance. A conception of resistance is presented, and specific clinical interventions suggested by it are illustrated and discussed. The principle of even hovering attention as an ideal analytic attitude is criticized.

Raphling, David L.

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300109pmid: 7650287

Interpretations go beyond assigning unconscious meaning to analytic material. They inevitably communicate the analyst's assessments of the patient's present and past conflicts, and his expectations for their future resolution. The analyst's estimation of a patient's potential, as well as his personal investment in helping the patient realize that potential, is embedded in the interpretive process. Although careful analysis of unintended interpretive influences on a patient's uansference and resistance is required to assure relative neutrality, there remains a residual conditioning effect of interpretations that catalyzes the analytic process and reinforces a patient's efforts to change.

Uyehara, Lisa A.; Austrian, Susan; Upton, Letitia G.; Warner, Rebecca H.; Williamson, Roberta A.

doi: 10.1177/000306519504300110pmid: 7650269

Pregnancy is one of several events in the life of an analyst which may affect an analysis, calling for special technical considerations. For the analyst, this exception to the tenet of anonymity, along with countertransference guilt, narcissistic preoccupation, heightened infantile conflicts, and intense patient responses, may stimulate anxiety that becomes focused on the timing and manner of informing the patient For the patient, preoccupation with the timing of the telling may serve as a displacement from other meanings of the pregnancy. Candidate analysts may face particular difficulties managing the impact of their pregnancies on control cases. We address practical and technical considerations in telling, the transference and countertransference surrounding it, ethical concerns, and the challenges of supervising a pregnant candidate.