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Therapeutic Landscapes: Genesis, Fate, Future Fall 2016 A Symposium at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design Evening Keynote Address (Dell Upton): April 9, 2015 Symposium: April 10, 2015 More than a generation ago, historian David Rothman's study, The Discovery of the Asylum (1971) drew attention to the homologies among hospitals, asylums, and penitentiaries in early nineteenth-century America. In dialogue with philosopher Michel Foucault, Rothman emphasized the almost utopian optimism that drove the founding of such ``caretaker institutions'' in their early years. Longing to bolster a social order that seemed to be waning, town fathers--and, as crucially, their wives--could no longer count on the strictures of Calvinism or the structure of the patriarchal household to maintain such an order in the present. At the same time, Enlightenment-bred humanitarianism, a ``softening'' trend in Protestantism, and a waxing faith in human perfectibility led away from mere punishment and confinement. Poverty, insanity, and criminality came to look less like sins than social failings. Treated separately and systematically, with a mix of compassion and discipline, they might lose their hold on individuals and so, it was hoped, on the commonweal. Rothman believed the social idealism he identified was waning before the Civil
Change Over Time – University of Pennsylvania Press
Published: Apr 23, 2015
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