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journal of world history, march 2013 Modern China's Network Revolution: Chambers of Commerce and Sociopolitical Change in the Early Twentieth Century. By zhongping chen. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2011. 312 pp. $55.00 (cloth and e-book). In the study of the social history of modern China, there are two opposing views. On the one side, scholars of a liberal bent argue that in China's transformation from an empire to a nation-state, there emerges an autonomous social realm analogous to what the sociologists call "civil society." The emergence of this autonomous social realm--evidenced in the spread of print capitalism, the proliferation of self-governed organizations, and the professionalization of the academy--creates a horizontal network that allows citizens to gather and share views. Independent of the state, this social realm affirms China's "modernity" not only by breaking the centuries-long tradition of imperial autocracy, but also by challenging the totalitarian rule of the Guomindang and the CCP. On the opposite side, scholars who are less convinced of the "tradition-modernity" dichotomy emphasize the symbiosis between state and society in China's attempt at building a nation-state. They see the continuation of the old gentry culture in which social elites--especially the educated and the wealthy--enjoy
Journal of World History – University of Hawai'I Press
Published: Aug 7, 2013
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