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Southwestern Historical Quarterly April era, the author, referencing favorable comments from Ebony magazine, praises the largely desegregated event as "a high point in the prison system" (231). Participants and visitors reflected racial and ethnic diversity, although for many years black and white inmates sat in separate sections of the arena; civilian spectators were likewise racially segregated. Female prisoners also attended and provided musical entertainment during much of the rodeo's existence, although they did not participate in competitive events until 1972. Competitors engaged in standard rodeo contests such as bronco and bull riding, calf-roping, bull-dogging, and barrel racing, but, according to Roth, it was the more atypical events that evoked the greatest level of audience enthusiasm. Undoubtedly the most popular of these was "Hard Money," where a multitude of red-shirted male convicts simultaneously entered the arena to retrieve a cash-filled Bull Durham tobacco bag from between a bull's horns. Other distinctive events included such activities as chariot races, wild cow milking, calf scrambles, wild horse races, and greased pig sacking. During the tumultuous 1980s, the prison system experienced a significant transformation resulting in large measure from the famous Ruiz v. Estelle litigation, which found that Texas prisons practiced cruel
Southwestern Historical Quarterly – Texas State Historical Association
Published: Mar 22, 2017
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