Assessment of strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato from Tanzania for resistance to copper and streptomycin
Abstract
Fifty-six strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ( P.s . pv. tomato ) were collected from tomato-producing areas in Tanzania and assessed for resistance to copper and antibiotics. The collection was done from three tomato-producing regions (Morogoro, Arusha and Iringa), representing three different ecological conditions in the country. After isolation and identification, the P. s . pv. tomato strains were grown on King's medium B (KB) amended with 20% copper sulphate (w/v). The strains were also assessed for resistance to antibiotics. Results indicated that there was widespread resistance of the P. s . pv. tomato strains to copper sulphate. The highest level of resistance was recorded from the Arusha region (Northern Tanzania), 83.3% of the P. s . pv. tomato strains from that region showed resistance to copper sulphate. This was followed by Iringa region (Southern Tanzania), from where strains of the pathogen were moderately resistant to copper sulphate, such that 54.0% of them were able to grow on the KB medium amended with 20% (w/v) of the copper compound. Out of seven strains of P. s . pv. tomato from Morogoro region (Central Tanzania) included in the study, five (71.5%) were resistant to copper sulphate. The only strain of P. s . pv. tomato from the Dodoma region (Central Tanzania, but with a different ecological condition from the Morogoro region) included in the study was unable to grow on the medium containing 20% copper sulphate. None of the P. s . pv. tomato strains in the four regions included in the study were resistant to streptomycin sulphate. These results suggest that in the Arusha and Iringa regions of Tanzania, there might be possibilities of excessive use of copper compounds in tomato production, such that strains of P. s . pv. tomato strains in the areas have become resistant to the compounds.